Abstract
Aggregate sheath spot caused by Rhizoctonia oryzae-sativae, and sheath spot caused by Waitea circinata have recently been reported on rice in Australia (Lanoiselet et al., 2001). Several disease surveys were conducted to investigate the presence of other sclerotial diseases of rice. In 2001 and 2002, infected leaf sheaths were observed on several rice plants. Pieces of infected leaf sheaths were surface-sterilized for 2 min with sodium hypochlorite solution diluted to give 2% v/v available chlorine, rinsed with sterile distilled water, placed on potato dextrose agar (PDA) and incubated at 25°C. Eighteen isolates of R. oryzae-sativae, 10 isolates of W. circinata and two isolates of an unknown fungus were isolated. The unknown fungus was identified by the Centraalbureau voor Schimmelcultures (Utrecht, the Netherlands) as Sclerotium hydrophilum (NSW Agriculture accession number DAR 75575). In 2002, soil and floating plant material were collected from rice fields and screened for the presence of sclerotia. Tiny globose black sclerotia were recovered from five samples out of six. These sclerotia germinated on PDA and the sclerotia that subsequently formed were identified as those of S. hydrophilum. Koch's postulates was completed by inoculating rice plants with plugs of PDA bearing both mycelium and sclerotia of S. hydrophilum. After 10 days at 30°C, sheath leaf necrosis was observed around the inoculation plugs. S. hydrophilum was re-isolated from the lesions. Several authors have previously reported S. hydrophilum as a pathogen of cultivated rice (Cedeno et al., 1997). Kernkamp et al. (1977) reported S. hydrophilum on wild rice (Zizania aquatica) and Johnson et al. (1976) on water lilies (Nymphaea odorata). This is the first report of S. hydrophilum occurring on cultivated rice in Australia. This work was funded by the Cooperative Research Centre for Sustainable Rice Production.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Infected leaf sheaths were observed on rice plants in 2001 and 2002.
- Taxon
- rice
Oryza sativae0 - Organ / stage
- leaf sheathse0
- Outcome
- infected leaf sheathse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In 2001 and 2002, infected leaf sheaths were observed on several rice plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Eighteen R. oryzae-sativae isolates were recovered from infected rice sheaths.
- Interactor
- R. oryzae-sativaeCeratorhiza oryzae-sativaee0pathogen
- Outcome
- isolates of R. oryzae-sativaee0
- Value
- Eighteen isolatese0
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“Eighteen isolates of R. oryzae-sativae, 10 isolates of W. circinata and two isolates of an unknown fungus were isolated”
Claim · model-written summary
Ten W. circinata isolates were recovered.
- Interactor
- W. circinataWaitea circinatae0pathogen
- Outcome
- isolates of W. circinatae0
- Value
- 10 isolatese0
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“Eighteen isolates of R. oryzae-sativae, 10 isolates of W. circinata and two isolates of an unknown fungus were isolated”
Claim · model-written summary
Two isolates of an unknown fungus were recovered.
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“Eighteen isolates of R. oryzae-sativae, 10 isolates of W. circinata and two isolates of an unknown fungus were isolated”
Claim · model-written summary
The unknown fungus from rice was identified as Sclerotium hydrophilum.
- Interactor
- Sclerotium hydrophilumCeratorhiza hydrophilae0pathogen
- Outcome
- identifiede0
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“The unknown fungus was identified by the Centraalbureau voor Schimmelcultures (Utrecht, the Netherlands) as Sclerotium hydrophilum”
Claim · model-written summary
Sclerotia were recovered from five of six field samples.
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“Tiny globose black sclerotia were recovered from five samples out of six”
Claim · model-written summary
Recovered sclerotia germinated on PDA and formed sclerotia identified as S. hydrophilum.
- Interactor
- S. hydrophilumCeratorhiza hydrophilae0pathogen
- Outcome
- sclerotia germinated on PDAe0
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“These sclerotia germinated on PDA and the sclerotia that subsequently formed were identified as those of S. hydrophilum”
Claim · model-written summary
Inoculating rice with S. hydrophilum caused leaf sheath necrosis after ten days.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- inoculating rice plants with plugs of PDA bearing both mycelium and sclerotia of S. hydrophilume0
- Interactor
- S. hydrophilumCeratorhiza hydrophilae0pathogen
- Outcome
- sheath leaf necrosise0
- Qualifier
- After 10 days at 30°Ce0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Koch's postulates was completed by inoculating rice plants with plugs of PDA bearing both mycelium and sclerotia of S. hydrophilum. After 10 days at 30°C, sheath leaf necrosis was observed around the inoculation plugs”
Claim · model-written summary
S. hydrophilum was re-isolated from rice lesions.
- Interactor
- S. hydrophilumCeratorhiza hydrophilae0pathogen
- Outcome
- re-isolated from the lesionse0
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“S. hydrophilum was re-isolated from the lesions”
Claim · model-written summary
This is the first report of S. hydrophilum on cultivated rice in Australia.
- Taxon
- cultivated riceOryza sativae0
- Interactor
- S. hydrophilumCeratorhiza hydrophilae0pathogen
- Outcome
- S. hydrophilum occurringe0
- Setting
- Australiae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“This is the first report of S. hydrophilum occurring on cultivated rice in Australia”