Abstract
Abstract Sudden death syndrome (SDS) caused by Fusarium solani (Mart.) Sacc. f. sp. glycines form. nov. is a soil‐borne disease that affects soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] grown in soils with a high yield potential. Research indicates that take‐all [Gaeumannomyces graminis (Sacc.) Arx & Oliv. var. tritici Walker], a soil‐borne disease in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), can be partially controlled by chloride (Cl‐) containing fertilizers. Field research was established in 1992 to evaluate Cl‐ rates and application timing on SDS. The research was expanded in 1993 to evaluate fertilization of two soybean cultivars in a soybean‐corn rotation. The research was conducted on a Falaya silt loam (coarse‐silty, mixed, acid, thermic, Aeric Fluvaquents) having a history of SDS. The experimental design of the first test was a split‐plot. Main plots were 42, 83, 125, and 166 lb potassium (K) acre‐1 applied as KCl. Subplots were timing of the fertilizer application, at planting or one month later. To evaluate the Cl‐ effects K2SO4 was applied at 125 lb K acre‐1. The second experimental design was a split‐split plot. A soybean‐corn rotation was the main plot. Subplots were fertilization rates of 0, 42, 83, and 166 lb K acre‐1 applied as KCl plus 166 lb K acre‐1 applied as K2SO4. Two additional subplot treatments were 42–42 and 83–83 lb K acre‐1 as split applications of KCl. The sub‐subplots were soybean cultivars. Plots were visually rated for SDS incidence and severity before leaf drop. Root ratings were made from ten randomly selected plants per plot with infected roots. Rotation of soybean with corn improved yields, but also increased SDS incidence, severity, and the number of plants with infected roots. Yields from both experiments were unaffected by fertilization. Disease incidence, severity, and root infection were reduced by applying relatively high Cl‐ rates. The SDS symptoms were greater when treatment applications were delayed rather than applied at planting. The Cl‐ effect was less on soybean following corn. The fertilization effect also differed with cultivars. These data support the concept that SDS infects plants soon after planting.
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Claims 7
Claim · model-written summary
Rotation with corn improved soybean yield.
- Taxon
- soybean
Glycine maxe0 - Treatment
- Rotation of soybean with corne0
- Outcome
- yieldse0
- Direction
- improvede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Rotation of soybean with corn improved yields”
Claim · model-written summary
Rotation with corn increased SDS incidence and severity and infected plants.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- Rotation of soybean with corne0
- Interactor
- Fusarium solani
_Sacc._5393379.jpg?width=60)
Fusarium solanie1pathogen - Outcome
- SDS incidence, severity, and the number of plants with infected rootse0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_Sacc._5393379.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“Rotation of soybean with corn improved yields, but also increased SDS incidence, severity, and the number of plants with infected roots.”
t0“soybean”
e1“Fusarium solani (Mart.) Sacc. f. sp. glycines form. nov.”
Claim · model-written summary
Fertilization did not change soybean yield.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- fertilizatione0
- Outcome
- Yieldse0
- Direction
- unaffectede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Yields from both experiments were unaffected by fertilization.”
t0“soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
High chloride rates reduced SDS incidence, severity and root infection.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- relatively high Cl‐ ratese0
- Outcome
- Disease incidence, severity, and root infectione0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Disease incidence, severity, and root infection were reduced by applying relatively high Cl‐ rates.”
t0“soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Delayed application increased SDS symptoms compared with application at planting.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- treatment applications were delayede0
- Outcome
- SDS symptomse0
- Direction
- greatere0
- Comparator
- applied at plantinge0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The SDS symptoms were greater when treatment applications were delayed rather than applied at planting.”
t0“soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
The chloride effect was weaker for soybean following corn.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Outcome
- Cl‐ effecte0
- Direction
- lesse0
- Comparator
- following corne0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The Cl‐ effect was less on soybean following corn.”
Claim · model-written summary
Fertilization effects differed among cultivars.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Material
- cultivarse0
- Outcome
- fertilization effecte0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The fertilization effect also differed with cultivars.”
t0“soybean”
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