Abstract
Summary. The effects of three wheat cultivars and two oat cultivars on the development of the cereal aphid parasitoid Aphidius rhopalosiphi De Steph. and the generalist aphid parasitoid Ephedrus plagiator (Nees) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) were evaluated in the laboratory. The level of hydroxamic acids, a family of secondary metabolites that can affect the mean relative growth rate of cereal aphids in cereals, were measured in the different cultivars. The parasitoids were reared in Sitobion avenae (F.) (Homoptera: Aphididae), using plants grown under greenhouse conditions. A. rhopalosiphi showed a longer developmental time on wheat relative to oat cultivars. This effect was accounted for by a significant increase in the time from oviposition to pupation (mummy formation), while the duration of the pupal stage remained constant between treatments. No further effects were observed in other variables evaluating A. rhopalosiphi performance, such as adult longevity, adult body weight and secondary sex ratio. The generalist E. plagiator did not show significant differences in any of the variables analysed, both between cultivars and cereal species. Hydroxamic acids levels correlated negatively with mean relative growth rates of S. avenae , but positively with the observed developmental time of A. rhopalosiphi. The results are discussed in terms of tritrophic effects and the development of breeding programmes trying to improve plant resistance to aphids.
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Claims 7
Claim · model-written summary
A. rhopalosiphi developed more slowly on wheat than oat cultivars.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivume0 - Material
- cultivarse0
- Interactor
- A. rhopalosiphi
Aphidius rhopalosiphie0other - Outcome
- A. rhopalosiphie0
- Direction
- longere0
- Comparator
- oat cultivarse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A. rhopalosiphi showed a longer developmental time on wheat relative to oat cultivars”
Claim · model-written summary
Time from oviposition to pupation increased significantly on wheat.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Material
- cultivarst0
- Outcome
- time from oviposition to pupatione0
- Direction
- increasee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“significant increase in the time from oviposition to pupation (mummy formation)”
t0“wheat and oat cultivars”
Claim · model-written summary
Pupal-stage duration remained constant between cereal treatments.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Material
- cultivarst0
- Outcome
- duration of the pupal stagee0
- Direction
- remained constante0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the duration of the pupal stage remained constant between treatments”
t0“wheat and oat cultivars”
Claim · model-written summary
Other A. rhopalosiphi performance measures showed no further effects.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Material
- cultivarst0
- Interactor
- A. rhopalosiphiAphidius rhopalosiphie0other
- Outcome
- adult longevity, adult body weight and secondary sex ratioe0
- Direction
- No further effectse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“No further effects were observed in other variables evaluating A. rhopalosiphi performance, such as adult longevity, adult body weight and secondary sex ratio”
t0“wheat and oat cultivars”
Claim · model-written summary
E. plagiator performance did not differ significantly among cultivars or cereal species.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Material
- cultivarse0
- Interactor
- E. plagiator
Ephedrus plagiatore0other
- Outcome
- variables analysede0
- Direction
- did not show significant differencese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“E. plagiator did not show significant differences in any of the variables analysed, both between cultivars and cereal species”
t0“wheat and oat cultivars”
Claim · model-written summary
Hydroxamic acid levels were negatively correlated with S. avenae growth rates.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Interactor
- S. avenae
Sitobion avenaee0pest - Compound
- Hydroxamic acidse0
- Outcome
- mean relative growth rates of S. avenaee0
- Direction
- negativelye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Hydroxamic acids levels correlated negatively with mean relative growth rates of S. avenae”
t0“wheat and oat cultivars”
Claim · model-written summary
Hydroxamic acid levels were positively correlated with A. rhopalosiphi developmental time.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Interactor
- A. rhopalosiphiAphidius rhopalosiphie0other
- Compound
- Hydroxamic acidse0
- Outcome
- developmental time of A. rhopalosiphie0
- Direction
- positivelye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Hydroxamic acids levels correlated negatively with mean relative growth rates of S. avenae , but positively with the observed developmental time of A. rhopalosiphi”
t0“wheat and oat cultivars”