Abstract
Abstract During the 1988 wet season (May‐September), an experiment was conducted at the experimental farm of Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University, Bauchi, to investigate the effects of nitrogen and different weed competition durations with an improved sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench), variety BES, on the crop growth and yield, and determine the critical period of weed competition. The results showed that fertilized sorghum tolerated 2 weeks of early weed competition with minimal yield reduction. Weedy sorghum yield decreased as weed competition period lengthened from 2 to 7 weeks, primarily because sorghum plants under competitive stress had less panicle weight, fewer spikelets per panicle, lower 1000 grain weight and conseqently greatly reduced grain yield. Crop height was not significantly increased by nitrogen nutrition. However, sorghum plants under competitive stress were significantly taller than the weed‐free plants, probably as a result of severe competition with weeds for sunlight. Panicle weight, number of spikelets per panicle, weight of 1000 grains and grain yield were significantly increased by nitrogen nutrition. The mean reduction in grain yield due to weed competition decreased from 51% at zero nitrogen to 37.8% and 32.2% at 60 and 120 kg N/ha respectively, indicating that yield reduction decreased at medium and high fertility. Unweeded sorghum suffered a yield loss of 65% from severe competition with weeds that were predominantly made up of Rottboellia cochinchinensis. Setaria viridis, Cynodon dactylon, Striga hermonthica, Ipomoea cairica, Dichromena ciliata, Tridax procumbens and Cyperus rotundus.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
Fertilized sorghum tolerated two weeks of early weed competition with minimal yield loss.
SorghumNot reportedInteractorInteractor role
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench)”
e0“fertilized sorghum tolerated 2 weeks of early weed competition with minimal yield reduction”
e1“The mean reduction in grain yield due to weed competition decreased from 51% at zero nitrogen to 37.8% and 32.2% at 60 and 120 kg N/ha respectively, indicating that yield reduction decreased at medium and high fertility.”
Claim · model-written summary
Weedy sorghum yield decreased as competition lengthened from two to seven weeks.
- Value
- 2 to 7 weekse0
Not reportedInteractorInteractor role
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench)”
e0“Weedy sorghum yield decreased as weed competition period lengthened from 2 to 7 weeks”
e1“The mean reduction in grain yield due to weed competition decreased from 51% at zero nitrogen to 37.8% and 32.2% at 60 and 120 kg N/ha respectively, indicating that yield reduction decreased at medium and high fertility.”
Claim · model-written summary
Competitive stress reduced panicle weight and spikelet number.
- Treatment
- competitive stresse0
Not reportedInteractorInteractor role
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench)”
e0“sorghum plants under competitive stress had less panicle weight, fewer spikelets per panicle”
e1“The mean reduction in grain yield due to weed competition decreased from 51% at zero nitrogen to 37.8% and 32.2% at 60 and 120 kg N/ha respectively, indicating that yield reduction decreased at medium and high fertility.”
Claim · model-written summary
Competitive stress lowered thousand grain weight and grain yield.
Not reportedInteractorInteractor role
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench)”
e0“lower 1000 grain weight and conseqently greatly reduced grain yield”
e1“The mean reduction in grain yield due to weed competition decreased from 51% at zero nitrogen to 37.8% and 32.2% at 60 and 120 kg N/ha respectively, indicating that yield reduction decreased at medium and high fertility.”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen did not significantly increase crop height.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench)”
e0“Crop height was not significantly increased by nitrogen nutrition”
Claim · model-written summary
Competitive stress made sorghum significantly taller than weed-free plants.
Not reportedInteractorInteractor role
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench)”
e0“sorghum plants under competitive stress were significantly taller than the weed‐free plants”
e1“The mean reduction in grain yield due to weed competition decreased from 51% at zero nitrogen to 37.8% and 32.2% at 60 and 120 kg N/ha respectively, indicating that yield reduction decreased at medium and high fertility.”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen significantly increased panicle weight and spikelet number.
- Treatment
- nitrogen nutritione0
- Outcome
- Panicle weight, number of spikelets per paniclee0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench)”
e0“Panicle weight, number of spikelets per panicle, weight of 1000 grains and grain yield were significantly increased by nitrogen nutrition”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen significantly increased thousand grain weight and grain yield.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench)”
e0“weight of 1000 grains and grain yield were significantly increased by nitrogen nutrition”
Claim · model-written summary
Weed competition reduced grain yield by 51% at zero nitrogen.
Not reportedInteractorInteractor role
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench)”
e0“reduction in grain yield due to weed competition decreased from 51% at zero nitrogen”
e1“The mean reduction in grain yield due to weed competition decreased from 51% at zero nitrogen to 37.8% and 32.2% at 60 and 120 kg N/ha respectively, indicating that yield reduction decreased at medium and high fertility.”
Claim · model-written summary
Weed competition reduced grain yield by 37.8% at 60.
Not reportedInteractorInteractor role
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench)”
e0“37.8% and 32.2% at 60 and 120 kg N/ha respectively”
e1“The mean reduction in grain yield due to weed competition decreased from 51% at zero nitrogen to 37.8% and 32.2% at 60 and 120 kg N/ha respectively, indicating that yield reduction decreased at medium and high fertility.”
Claim · model-written summary
Weed competition reduced grain yield by 32.2% at 120 kg N/ha.
Not reportedInteractorInteractor role
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench)”
e0“37.8% and 32.2% at 60 and 120 kg N/ha respectively”
e1“The mean reduction in grain yield due to weed competition decreased from 51% at zero nitrogen to 37.8% and 32.2% at 60 and 120 kg N/ha respectively, indicating that yield reduction decreased at medium and high fertility.”
Claim · model-written summary
Unweeded sorghum lost 65% yield under severe weed competition.
- Interactor
- Rottboellia cochinchinensis
Rottboellia cochinchinensise0weed - Outcome
- yield losse0
- Direction
- losse0
- Value
- 65%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench)”
e0“Unweeded sorghum suffered a yield loss of 65% from severe competition with weeds that were predominantly made up of Rottboellia cochinchinensis”
The same questions in other papers
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See all 290 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.