Abstract
A comparison of four volumes of culture vessel atmosphere revealed that this variable greatly influenced the induction and growth of pollen embryos from anthers of Nicotiana tabacum. The optimum frequency of anthers producing embryos and plantlets was found with a culture atmosphere of 15 ml per anther, whereas the optimum number of plantlets was found with 5.5 ml per anther. A small volume (0.5 ml per anther) almost completely suppressed embryo induction. Removal of specific components of the culture atmosphere (ethylene, carbon dioxide, oxygen) influenced the response of the anthers but did not produce a satisfactory explanation of the inhibition of pollen embryogenesis by the small culture atmosphere volume. In particular, the influence of ethylene absorption on embryo induction and growth depended both on the culture atmosphere volume and on the stage of development of the pollen at the start of culture. Using anthers containing pollen at a stage after the first pollen grain mitosis. ethylene absorption was found to increase the survival of induced embryos. Treatment of anthers for 3 d with silver nitrate, a known antagonist of ethylene action, was not an efficient means of increasing the yield of pollen plantlets.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
Culture vessel atmosphere volume strongly influenced pollen embryo induction and growth.
- Taxon
- Nicotiana tabacum
Nicotiana tabacume0 - Treatment
- four volumes of culture vessel atmospheree0
- Outcome
- induction and growth of pollen embryose0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A comparison of four volumes of culture vessel atmosphere revealed that this variable greatly influenced the induction and growth of pollen embryos from anthers of Nicotiana tabacum.”
Claim · model-written summary
The optimum frequency of embryo and plantlet producing anthers occurred at 15 ml per anther.
- Taxon
- Nicotiana tabacumNicotiana tabacumt0
- Treatment
- a culture atmosphere of 15 ml per anthere0
- Outcome
- frequency of anthers producing embryos and plantletse0
- Direction
- optimume0
- Value
- 15 ml per anthere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The optimum frequency of anthers producing embryos and plantlets was found with a culture atmosphere of 15 ml per anther”
t0“Nicotiana tabacum”
Claim · model-written summary
The optimum plantlet number occurred at 5.5 ml per anther.
- Taxon
- Nicotiana tabacumNicotiana tabacumt0
- Treatment
- 5.5 ml per anthere0
- Outcome
- number of plantletse0
- Direction
- optimume0
- Value
- 5.5 ml per anthere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the optimum number of plantlets was found with 5.5 ml per anther”
t0“Nicotiana tabacum”
Claim · model-written summary
The smallest atmosphere volume nearly eliminated embryo induction.
- Taxon
- Nicotiana tabacumNicotiana tabacumt0
- Treatment
- 0.5 ml per anthere0
- Outcome
- embryo inductione0
- Direction
- suppressede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A small volume (0.5 ml per anther) almost completely suppressed embryo induction.”
t0“Nicotiana tabacum”
Claim · model-written summary
Removing ethylene, carbon dioxide or oxygen affected anther response without explaining the small-volume inhibition.
- Taxon
- Nicotiana tabacumNicotiana tabacumt0
- Treatment
- Removal of specific components of the culture atmosphere (ethylene, carbon dioxide, oxygen)e0
- Outcome
- response of the antherse0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Removal of specific components of the culture atmosphere (ethylene, carbon dioxide, oxygen) influenced the response of the anthers but did not produce a satisfactory explanation of the inhibition of pollen embryogenesis by the small culture atmosphere volume.”
t0“Nicotiana tabacum”
Claim · model-written summary
Ethylene absorption effects depended on atmosphere volume and starting pollen stage.
- Taxon
- Nicotiana tabacumNicotiana tabacumt0
- Organ / stage
- stage of development of the pollene0
- Treatment
- ethylene absorptione0
- Outcome
- embryo induction and growthe0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the influence of ethylene absorption on embryo induction and growth depended both on the culture atmosphere volume and on the stage of development of the pollen at the start of culture.”
t0“Nicotiana tabacum”
Claim · model-written summary
Ethylene absorption improved survival of induced embryos from anthers with pollen past first mitosis.
- Taxon
- Nicotiana tabacumNicotiana tabacumt0
- Organ / stage
- pollen at a stage after the first pollen grain mitosise0
- Treatment
- ethylene absorptione0
- Outcome
- survival of induced embryose0
- Direction
- increasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Using anthers containing pollen at a stage after the first pollen grain mitosis. ethylene absorption was found to increase the survival of induced embryos.”
t0“Nicotiana tabacum”
Claim · model-written summary
Three days of silver nitrate treatment did not efficiently increase pollen plantlet yield.
- Taxon
- Nicotiana tabacumNicotiana tabacumt0
- Treatment
- Treatment of anthers for 3 d with silver nitratee0
- Outcome
- yield of pollen plantletse0
- Direction
- increasinge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Treatment of anthers for 3 d with silver nitrate, a known antagonist of ethylene action, was not an efficient means of increasing the yield of pollen plantlets.”
t0“Nicotiana tabacum”