Abstract
Abstract The purpose of this paper is to report on progress made in adapting stubble‐mulch tillage for use under the cool, humid conditions of New York State. Comparisons of stubble‐mulch plowing and disking with turn plowing over a period of 7 years in New York State have been presented and discussed. Over most of the period, and for all crops studied except hay, both kinds of stubble‐mulch tillage resulted in significantly lower yields than those resulting from turn plowing. During the last year of the comparison, however, an improved technique of stubble‐mulch plowing using an improvised plow operating on the tandem and double‐cut principle gave results fully as satisfactory as turn plowing. Soil penetrometer and moisture data showed that the new stubble‐mulch plowing technique produced a seedbed as loose as that obtained by turn plowing and also resulted in moisture conservation through concentration of crop residues on the surface. At the same time, there were indications that disking resulted in a seedbed more difficult to penetrate with the penetrometer and also one from which moisture was used inefficiently for crop production and lost by excessive evaporation regardless of the presence of a residue mulch.
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Claims 6
Claim · model-written summary
Both stubble-mulch approaches significantly reduced yields for crops other than hay.
Verbatim
e0“both kinds of stubble‐mulch tillage resulted in significantly lower yields than those resulting from turn plowing”
e1“Over most of the period, and for all crops studied except hay, both kinds of stubble‐mulch tillage resulted in significantly lower yields than those resulting from turn plowing”
Claim · model-written summary
Improved stubble-mulch plowing performed as satisfactorily as turn plowing in the last year.
Verbatim
e0“an improved technique of stubble‐mulch plowing using an improvised plow operating on the tandem and double‐cut principle gave results fully as satisfactory as turn plowing”
e1“Over most of the period, and for all crops studied except hay, both kinds of stubble‐mulch tillage resulted in significantly lower yields than those resulting from turn plowing”
Claim · model-written summary
Improved stubble-mulch plowing made a seedbed as loose as turn plowing.
- Treatment
- new stubble‐mulch plowing techniquee0
- Outcome
- seedbede0
- Direction
- as loose ase0
- Comparator
- turn plowinge0
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“the new stubble‐mulch plowing technique produced a seedbed as loose as that obtained by turn plowing”
Claim · model-written summary
Improved stubble-mulch plowing conserved moisture via crop residues.
- Treatment
- new stubble‐mulch plowing techniquee1
- Outcome
- moisture conservatione0
- Qualifier
- concentration of crop residues on the surfacee0
Not reportedTaxonComparatorDirection
Verbatim
e0“resulted in moisture conservation through concentration of crop residues on the surface”
e1“Soil penetrometer and moisture data showed that the new stubble‐mulch plowing technique produced a seedbed as loose as that obtained by turn plowing and also resulted in moisture conservation through concentration of crop residues on the surface”
Claim · model-written summary
Disking appeared to produce a seedbed harder to penetrate.
Not reportedTaxonComparator
Verbatim
e0“disking resulted in a seedbed more difficult to penetrate with the penetrometer”
Claim · model-written summary
Disking appeared to cause inefficient crop use of moisture and excessive evaporation.
- Treatment
- diskinge1
- Outcome
- moisture was used inefficiently for crop production and lost by excessive evaporatione0
Not reportedTaxonComparatorDirection
Verbatim
e0“moisture was used inefficiently for crop production and lost by excessive evaporation”
e1“At the same time, there were indications that disking resulted in a seedbed more difficult to penetrate with the penetrometer and also one from which moisture was used inefficiently for crop production and lost by excessive evaporation regardless of the presence of a residue mulch.”