Abstract
The classic wheat evolutionary history is one of adaptive radiation of the diploid Triticum/Aegilops species (A, S, D), genome convergence and divergence of the tetraploid (Triticum turgidum AABB, and Triticum timopheevii AAGG) and hexaploid (Triticum aestivum, AABBDD) species. We analyzed Acc-1 (plastid acetyl-CoA carboxylase) and Pgk-1 (plastid 3-phosphoglycerate kinase) genes to determine phylogenetic relationships among Triticum and Aegilops species of the wheat lineage and to establish the timeline of wheat evolution based on gene sequence comparisons. Triticum urartu was confirmed as the A genome donor of tetraploid and hexaploid wheat. The A genome of polyploid wheat diverged from T. urartu less than half a million years ago (MYA), indicating a relatively recent origin of polyploid wheat. The D genome sequences of T. aestivum and Aegilops tauschii are identical, confirming that T. aestivum arose from hybridization of T. turgidum and Ae. tauschii only 8,000 years ago. The diploid Triticum and Aegilops progenitors of the A, B, D, G, and S genomes all radiated 2.5-4.5 MYA. Our data suggest that the Acc-1 and Pgk-1 loci have different histories in different lineages, indicating genome mosaicity and significant intraspecific differentiation. Some loci of the S genome of Aegilops speltoides and the G genome of T. timophevii are closely related, suggesting the same origin of some parts of their genomes. None of the Aegilops genomes analyzed is a close relative of the B genome, so the diploid progenitor of the B genome remains unknown.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
Triticum urartu was confirmed as the A-genome donor of tetraploid and hexaploid wheat.
- Taxon
- Triticum urartu
Triticum urartue0 - Gene
- A genomee0
- Outcome
- A genome donore0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Triticum urartu was confirmed as the A genome donor of tetraploid and hexaploid wheat.”
Claim · model-written summary
The A genome of polyploid wheat diverged from T. urartu less than half a million years ago.
Verbatim
e0“The A genome of polyploid wheat diverged from T. urartu less than half a million years ago (MYA), indicating a relatively recent origin of polyploid wheat.”
Claim · model-written summary
The D genome sequences of T. aestivum and Aegilops tauschii were identical.
- Taxon
- T. aestivum
Triticum aestivume0 - Gene
- D genomee0
- Outcome
- D genome sequencese0
- Direction
- identicale0
- Comparator
- Aegilops tauschiie0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The D genome sequences of T. aestivum and Aegilops tauschii are identical, confirming that T. aestivum arose from hybridization of T. turgidum and Ae. tauschii only 8,000 years ago.”
Claim · model-written summary
T. aestivum arose by hybridization of T. turgidum and Ae. tauschii about 8,000 years ago.
- Taxon
- T. aestivumTriticum aestivume0
- Outcome
- arose from hybridizatione0
- Value
- 8,000 years agoe0
- Comparator
- T. turgidum and Ae. tauschiie0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“T. aestivum arose from hybridization of T. turgidum and Ae. tauschii only 8,000 years ago.”
Claim · model-written summary
Diploid Triticum and Aegilops progenitors of five wheat genomes radiated 2.5–4.5 million years ago.
Aegilops
TriticumOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The diploid Triticum and Aegilops progenitors of the A, B, D, G, and S genomes all radiated 2.5-4.5 MYA.”
Claim · model-written summary
Acc-1 and Pgk-1 loci have differing lineage histories, indicating genome mosaicity and intraspecific differentiation.
- Gene
- Acc-1 and Pgk-1 locie0
- Outcome
- different histories in different lineagese0
- Qualifier
- genome mosaicity and significant intraspecific differentiatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Our data suggest that the Acc-1 and Pgk-1 loci have different histories in different lineages, indicating genome mosaicity and significant intraspecific differentiation.”
t0“Triticum / Aegilops”
Claim · model-written summary
Some S-genome loci of Aegilops speltoides are closely related to G-genome loci of T. timophevii.
- Taxon
- Aegilops speltoides
Aegilops speltoidese0 - Gene
- loci of the S genomee0
- Outcome
- closely relatede0
- Comparator
- G genome of T. timopheviie0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Some loci of the S genome of Aegilops speltoides and the G genome of T. timophevii are closely related, suggesting the same origin of some parts of their genomes.”
Claim · model-written summary
No analyzed Aegilops genome was closely related to the B genome, leaving its diploid progenitor unknown.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“None of the Aegilops genomes analyzed is a close relative of the B genome, so the diploid progenitor of the B genome remains unknown.”