Abstract
Different herbicides were evaluated against the hand weeding and weedy check, for weed competition and grain yield of maize. The experiment was carried out at the Agricultural Research Institute (Tarnab) Peshawar, during the maize growing season 2009. The experiment was laid out in randomized complete block design with three replications using the maize variety “Azam” with a seed rate of 28 kg ha -1 . Seven different herbicides were applied at their recommended rates. The treatments applied were atrazine + s-metolachlor (Primextra Gold 720SC as standard), atrazine (Atarazine 38 SC as standard), smetolachlor (Dual gold 960 EC as stand.), atrazine + propisochlor (Weed out 720SC as candidate), butachlor (Client 90% EC as cand.), acetochlor (Appeal 99% EC as cand.), acetochlor (Acetor 50% EC as cand.), a hand weeding and a weedy check treatment. Data was collected on weed density m -2 , mortality percentage, fresh weed biomass, maize grain yield and grain yield. All the treatments significantly affected the checked parameters. The hand weeding treatment has been mostly successful in all parameters however it was overtaken by Primextra gold 720 SC in the cost benefit ratio. Like the hand weeding treatment, all the herbicides considerably affected weeds density and reduced their population to a significant level as compared to the weedy check treatments. Luckily, no crop injury was observed in any of the herbicide treatments. The mortality percentage of weeds ranged between 74.94 – 81.84%, whereas hand weeding showed 97.2%. Acetor 50% EC and Primextra gold 720SC showed the best performance in weeds mortality percentage. Similarly, the weed biomass in the herbicide treatments ranged between 1032 – 1416 kg ha -1 . However, lowest weed biomass was found in hand weeding and highest in weedy check treatments. Highest grain yield of maize was achieved in hand weeding and in contrary lowest grain yield in weedy control plots. The overall increase in yield by the herbicides over weedy control was found from 13.94 to 22.08%. Herbicides thus by reducing the weed density and biomass increased the grain yield of maize. Hand weeded treatments fetched highest gross income and added income followed by Acetor 50EC and Primextra gold 720 SC treatments. However, maximum CBR was calculated for Primextra gold 720SC followed by Acetor 50EC and Atrazine 38 SC treatments. The CBR calculated in the hand weeded treatments was though the lowest. Primextra gold 720 SC and Acetor 50 EC are therefore recommended for effective weed control as pre
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Claims 19
Claim · model-written summary
Hand weeding was mostly successful across measured parameters.
Zea maysOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The hand weeding treatment has been mostly successful in all parameters”
t0“Evaluation of herbicides for weed management in maize and their impact on maize grain yield.”
Claim · model-written summary
Primextra Gold exceeded hand weeding in cost benefit ratio.
- Treatment
- Primextra gold 720 SCe0
- Outcome
- cost benefit ratioe0
- Direction
- overtakene0
- Comparator
- hand weeding treatmente1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“it was overtaken by Primextra gold 720 SC in the cost benefit ratio”
t0“Evaluation of herbicides for weed management in maize and their impact on maize grain yield.”
e1“The hand weeding treatment has been mostly successful in all parameters”
Claim · model-written summary
Herbicides significantly reduced weed density versus the weedy check.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“all the herbicides considerably affected weeds density and reduced their population to a significant level as compared to the weedy check treatments”
t0“Evaluation of herbicides for weed management in maize and their impact on maize grain yield.”
Claim · model-written summary
No crop injury was observed with herbicides.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“no crop injury was observed in any of the herbicide treatments”
t0“Evaluation of herbicides for weed management in maize and their impact on maize grain yield.”
Claim · model-written summary
Weed mortality under herbicides ranged from 74.94 to 81.84%.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The mortality percentage of weeds ranged between 74.94 – 81.84%”
t0“Evaluation of herbicides for weed management in maize and their impact on maize grain yield.”
Claim · model-written summary
Hand weeding gave 97.2% weed mortality.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“hand weeding showed 97.2%”
t0“Evaluation of herbicides for weed management in maize and their impact on maize grain yield.”
e1“The mortality percentage of weeds ranged between 74.94 – 81.84%”
Claim · model-written summary
Acetor 50% EC gave among the best weed mortality results.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Acetor 50% EC and Primextra gold 720SC showed the best performance in weeds mortality percentage”
t0“Evaluation of herbicides for weed management in maize and their impact on maize grain yield.”
Claim · model-written summary
Primextra Gold 720SC gave among the best weed mortality results.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Acetor 50% EC and Primextra gold 720SC showed the best performance in weeds mortality percentage”
t0“Evaluation of herbicides for weed management in maize and their impact on maize grain yield.”
Claim · model-written summary
Herbicide plots had weed biomass of 1032–1416 kg ha−1.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the weed biomass in the herbicide treatments ranged between 1032 – 1416 kg ha -1”
t0“Evaluation of herbicides for weed management in maize and their impact on maize grain yield.”
Claim · model-written summary
Hand weeding had the lowest weed biomass.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“lowest weed biomass was found in hand weeding”
t0“Evaluation of herbicides for weed management in maize and their impact on maize grain yield.”
Claim · model-written summary
Weedy check had the highest weed biomass.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“highest in weedy check treatments”
t0“Evaluation of herbicides for weed management in maize and their impact on maize grain yield.”
e1“the weed biomass in the herbicide treatments ranged between 1032 – 1416 kg ha -1”
Claim · model-written summary
Hand weeding produced the highest maize grain yield.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Highest grain yield of maize was achieved in hand weeding”
Claim · model-written summary
Weedy control produced the lowest grain yield.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“lowest grain yield in weedy control plots”
t0“Evaluation of herbicides for weed management in maize and their impact on maize grain yield.”
Claim · model-written summary
Herbicides increased yield by 13.94 to 22.08% over weedy control.
- Treatment
- herbicidese0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Value
- 13.94 to 22.08%e0
- Comparator
- weedy controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The overall increase in yield by the herbicides over weedy control was found from 13.94 to 22.08%”
t0“Evaluation of herbicides for weed management in maize and their impact on maize grain yield.”
Claim · model-written summary
Hand weeding fetched the highest gross income and added income.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Hand weeded treatments fetched highest gross income and added income”
t0“Evaluation of herbicides for weed management in maize and their impact on maize grain yield.”
Claim · model-written summary
Primextra Gold 720SC had the maximum cost benefit ratio.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“maximum CBR was calculated for Primextra gold 720SC”
t0“Evaluation of herbicides for weed management in maize and their impact on maize grain yield.”
Claim · model-written summary
Hand weeding had the lowest cost benefit ratio.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The CBR calculated in the hand weeded treatments was though the lowest”
t0“Evaluation of herbicides for weed management in maize and their impact on maize grain yield.”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend Primextra Gold 720SC for preemergence weed control.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Primextra gold 720 SC and Acetor 50 EC are therefore recommended for effective weed control as pre”
t0“Evaluation of herbicides for weed management in maize and their impact on maize grain yield.”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend Acetor 50 EC for preemergence weed control.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Primextra gold 720 SC and Acetor 50 EC are therefore recommended for effective weed control as pre”
t0“Evaluation of herbicides for weed management in maize and their impact on maize grain yield.”
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See all 651 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.