Abstract
SUMMARY Isolates of Acholeplasma spp. cultured from lethal yellowing‐diseased coconut palms were characterised by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) of cell proteins and by serological tests. Analysis of PAGE profiles placed 23 of the isolates in either of two related subgroups, (1A) or (IB), which show similarities to A. axanthum; 11 isolates were placed in group (2) which show similarities to A. oculi; and a single isolate formed a unique category (3). Serological relationships determined by fluorescent antibody and growth inhibition tests were in broad agreement with the PAGE classification. There was no evidence of transmission to plant hosts following injection of representative isolates into the cicadellids, Chlorotettix spp., Dalbulus maidis, Euscelidius variegatus or the cixid, Myndus crudus. Some isolates consistenty multiplied in E. variegatus following injection but were not acquired or transmitted during feeding through membranes. Antiserum to A. axanthum did not react with diseased or healthy palm tissues in enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay and the recovery of further acholeplasma isolates from palms affected by bud‐rot disease demonstrated that these organisms were not specifically associated with lethal yellowing. The results suggested that these acholeplasmas are epiphytes or saprophytes on coconut palms.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
PAGE assigned 23 isolates to two subgroups similar to A. axanthum.
- Taxon
- coconut palms
Cocos nuciferat0 - Interactor
- A. axanthume0other
- Outcome
- 23 of the isolates in either of two related subgroups, (1A) or (IB)e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Analysis of PAGE profiles placed 23 of the isolates in either of two related subgroups, (1A) or (IB), which show similarities to A. axanthum”
t0“coconut palms”
Claim · model-written summary
Eleven isolates were assigned to a group similar to A. oculi.
- Taxon
- coconut palmsCocos nuciferat0
- Interactor
- A. oculiAcholeplasma oculie0other
- Outcome
- 11 isolates were placed in group (2)e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“11 isolates were placed in group (2) which show similarities to A. oculi”
t0“coconut palms”
Claim · model-written summary
A single isolate formed a unique category.
- Taxon
- coconut palmsCocos nuciferat0
- Outcome
- a unique category (3)e0
- Value
- a single isolatee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“a single isolate formed a unique category (3)”
t0“coconut palms”
Claim · model-written summary
Serological relationships broadly agreed with PAGE classification.
- Taxon
- coconut palmsCocos nuciferat0
- Outcome
- Serological relationshipse0
- Qualifier
- broad agreemente0
- Comparator
- PAGE classificatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Serological relationships determined by fluorescent antibody and growth inhibition tests were in broad agreement with the PAGE classification”
t0“coconut palms”
Claim · model-written summary
Injected isolates showed no evidence of transmission to plant hosts through tested insects.
- Taxon
- plant hostse0
- Interactor
- Chlorotettix spp.
Chlorotettixe0other - Outcome
- transmission to plant hostse0
- Direction
- no evidencee0
- Qualifier
- Dalbulus maidis, Euscelidius variegatus or the cixid, Myndus cruduse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“There was no evidence of transmission to plant hosts following injection of representative isolates into the cicadellids, Chlorotettix spp., Dalbulus maidis, Euscelidius variegatus or the cixid, Myndus crudus”
Claim · model-written summary
Some isolates multiplied in E. variegatus after injection.
- Taxon
- coconut palmsCocos nuciferat0
- Interactor
- E. variegatus
Euscelidius variegatuse0other - Outcome
- isolates consistenty multiplied in E. variegatuse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Some isolates consistenty multiplied in E. variegatus following injection”
t0“coconut palms”
Claim · model-written summary
Those isolates were not acquired or transmitted during membrane feeding.
- Taxon
- coconut palmsCocos nuciferat0
- Outcome
- not acquired or transmitted during feeding through membranese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“were not acquired or transmitted during feeding through membranes”
t0“coconut palms”
Claim · model-written summary
A. axanthum antiserum did not react with diseased or healthy palm tissue.
Verbatim
e0“Antiserum to A. axanthum did not react with diseased or healthy palm tissues in enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay”
Claim · model-written summary
Additional acholeplasmas were recovered from palms with bud rot.
- Interactor
- acholeplasma
.jpg?width=60)
Acholeplasmae0other - Outcome
- recovery of further acholeplasma isolatese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“recovery of further acholeplasma isolates from palms affected by bud‐rot disease”
Claim · model-written summary
The isolates were not specifically associated with lethal yellowing.
- Taxon
- coconut palmsCocos nuciferat0
- Interactor
- these organismse0other
- Outcome
- lethal yellowinge0
- Direction
- not specifically associatede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“these organisms were not specifically associated with lethal yellowing”
t0“coconut palms”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors suggest these acholeplasmas are epiphytes or saprophytes on coconut palms.
- Taxon
- coconut palmsCocos nuciferae0
- Interactor
- these acholeplasmase0other
- Outcome
- epiphytes or saprophytes on coconut palmse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“these acholeplasmas are epiphytes or saprophytes on coconut palms”