Abstract
Controlled chamber experiments were performed at Braunschweig, Germany to examine the potential effects of global warming on spring barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) shoot and root biomass accumulation, yield forming structures (tillers) and attainable grain yield through the adoption of a novel fertilization technique that injects liquid ammonium nutrition into soil for crop uptake. Three growth temperature regimes; low (Temperate), medium (Intermediate) and high (Tropical) were set to mimic different climatic conditions experienced globally. Each temperature regime comprised of three nitrogen fertilization treatments of which conventional nitrate application and non-fertilized control were compared to soil injected liquid ammonium nutrition herein referred to as Controlled Uptake Long Term Ammonium Nutrition (CULTAN). Each of the three nitrogen treatments was replicated twice in each of the three temperature regimes. The experiment was repeated in two seasons during which chamber randomization was performed eliminate chamber effects. Nitrogen fertilized barley attained superior grain yields under low temperature regime (LTR) as compared to high temperature regimes (HTR). Similarly, low temperature regimes supported higher shoot and root biomasses, more tillers and ear bearing tillers than the other two temperature regimes. Grain yields were correlated to ear bearing tillers and grain numbers. Low temperature regime supported more grains that weighed less per grain in comparison to warmer temperatures which compensated for less grain numbers by heavy grains. This is the first time interaction effects between soil injected liquid ammonium nutrition (CULTAN fertilization) and temperature regimes have been reported in a cereal crop production model. The results demonstrate that growth temperatures and nitrogen nutrition forms jointly can cause a suite of responses on barley growth and yield formation with potential for exploitation in enhancement of food security.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen fertilized barley yielded more under low than high temperature.
- Taxon
- barley
.jpg?width=60)
Hordeum vulgaree0 - Treatment
- low temperature regime (LTR)e0
- Outcome
- grain yieldse0
- Direction
- superiore0
- Comparator
- high temperature regimes (HTR)e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“Nitrogen fertilized barley attained superior grain yields under low temperature regime (LTR) as compared to high temperature regimes (HTR)”
Claim · model-written summary
Low temperature supported greater shoot and root biomass than the other regimes.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Treatment
- low temperature regimese0
- Outcome
- shoot and root biomassese0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- the other two temperature regimese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“low temperature regimes supported higher shoot and root biomasses, more tillers and ear bearing tillers than the other two temperature regimes”
t0“barley”
Claim · model-written summary
Low temperature supported more tillers and ear bearing tillers.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Treatment
- low temperature regimese0
- Outcome
- tillers and ear bearing tillerse0
- Direction
- moree0
- Comparator
- the other two temperature regimese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“low temperature regimes supported higher shoot and root biomasses, more tillers and ear bearing tillers than the other two temperature regimes”
t0“barley”
Claim · model-written summary
Grain yield correlated with ear bearing tiller number.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Organ / stage
- ear bearing tillerse0
- Outcome
- Grain yieldse0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Grain yields were correlated to ear bearing tillers and grain numbers”
t0“barley”
Claim · model-written summary
Grain yield correlated with grain number.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Organ / stage
- grain numberse0
- Outcome
- Grain yieldse0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Grain yields were correlated to ear bearing tillers and grain numbers”
t0“barley”
Claim · model-written summary
Low temperature produced more grains than warmer conditions.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Treatment
- Low temperature regimee0
- Outcome
- grainse0
- Direction
- moree0
- Comparator
- warmer temperaturese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Low temperature regime supported more grains that weighed less per grain in comparison to warmer temperatures”
t0“barley”
Claim · model-written summary
Grains weighed less under low temperature than warmer conditions.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Treatment
- Low temperature regimee0
- Outcome
- weighed less per graine0
- Direction
- lesse0
- Comparator
- warmer temperaturese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Low temperature regime supported more grains that weighed less per grain in comparison to warmer temperatures”
t0“barley”
Claim · model-written summary
Warmer temperature produced heavier grains that compensated for fewer grains.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Outcome
- heavy grainse0
- Qualifier
- less grain numberse0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“warmer temperatures which compensated for less grain numbers by heavy grains”
t0“barley”
The same questions in other papers
cold · yield · Hordeum vulgare (barley)Positive and negative results
2 papers in the same direction as this paper · 5 in the opposite direction
- negative
- negative
- negative
4 papers more in this group
See all 8 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.