Abstract
Weed control strategies based on conserving crop yields rather than preventing weed seed production may result in increased weed densities and management costs over the long-term, particularly in less competitive crops such as tomatoes. The effect of crop, tillage, and duration of weed control on weed seed bank size and composition was examined from spring 2001 to spring 2003 near Lafayette, IN. Main plots in 2001 and 2002 contained soybean or tomato planted in rotation (soybean-tomato, tomato-soybean). Subplots were managed with either conventional or no-till practices. Sub-subplots contrasted threshold strategies in which weeds were either controlled for four to six weeks (period threshold, PT) or throughout the growing season (no-seed-threshold, NST). Seed banks were sampled annually in the spring. Emergent weeds were counted` at four and twelve weeks after planting (WAP) in 2001 and 2002. Weed seed banks did not significantly change in the NST plots in any year. However, seed bank densities increased substantially following tomatoes in PT plots. In contrast, weed seed bank densities decreased following soybeans in PT plots. The difference in seed banks and emergent weeds between soybean and tomatoes could be attributed primarily to greater suppression of giant foxtail by the soybean canopy. Giant foxtail control was greater in PT soybeans than in PT tomatoes in both years and giant foxtail comprised most of the PT tomato seed bank in 2002 and 2003. Tillage did not affect weed seed banks in any year. This study highlights the need to control later emerging weeds in tomatoes to prevent large increases in the weed seed bank.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
Weed seed banks did not significantly change under season-long weed control.
- Taxon
- Tomatoes and Soybean
Glycine max
Solanum lycopersicumt0 - Treatment
- NST plotse0
- Outcome
- Weed seed bankse0
- Direction
- did not significantly changee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Weed seed banks did not significantly change in the NST plots in any year.”
t0“Tomatoes and Soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Seed-bank density increased after tomatoes under period-threshold weed control.
- Taxon
- tomatoesSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- PT plotse0
- Outcome
- seed bank densitiese0
- Direction
- increased substantiallye0
Not reportedInteractorInteractor roleComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“seed bank densities increased substantially following tomatoes in PT plots.”
Claim · model-written summary
Seed-bank density decreased after soybeans under period-threshold weed control.
- Taxon
- soybeansGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- PT plotse0
- Outcome
- weed seed bank densitiese0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“weed seed bank densities decreased following soybeans in PT plots.”
Claim · model-written summary
Soybean canopy suppressed giant foxtail more than tomato canopy.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Interactor
- giant foxtaile0weed
- Outcome
- suppression of giant foxtaile0
- Direction
- greatere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“greater suppression of giant foxtail by the soybean canopy.”
Claim · model-written summary
Giant foxtail control was greater in period-threshold soybean than tomato in both years.
- Taxon
- soybeansGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- PT soybeanse0
- Interactor
- Giant foxtaile0weed
- Outcome
- Giant foxtail controle0
- Direction
- greatere0
- Comparator
- PT tomatoese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Giant foxtail control was greater in PT soybeans than in PT tomatoes in both years”
Claim · model-written summary
Giant foxtail made up most of the period-threshold tomato seed bank in 2002 and 2003.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Interactor
- giant foxtaile0weed
- Outcome
- giant foxtail comprised most of the PT tomato seed banke0
Not reportedValue
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“giant foxtail comprised most of the PT tomato seed bank in 2002 and 2003.”
Claim · model-written summary
Tillage did not affect weed seed banks in any year.
- Taxon
- Tomatoes and SoybeanGlycine maxSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- Tillagee0
- Outcome
- weed seed bankse0
- Direction
- did not affecte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Tillage did not affect weed seed banks in any year.”
t0“Tomatoes and Soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Authors recommend controlling late-emerging weeds in tomatoes to prevent seed-bank increases.
- Taxon
- tomatoesSolanum lycopersicume0
- Interactor
- weedse0weed
- Outcome
- control later emerging weedse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“need to control later emerging weeds in tomatoes to prevent large increases in the weed seed bank.”
The same questions in other papers
tillage · weed · Solanum lycopersicum (tomato)Positive and negative results
3 papers in the same direction as this paper · 7 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
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See all 11 papers →tillage · weed · Glycine max (soybean)Positive and negative results
18 papers in the same direction as this paper · 25 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
40 papers more in this group
See all 44 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.