Abstract
Local adaptation may be important for the preservation of genetic diversity and the promotion of speciation. However, local adaptation may also constrain establishment in different environments. The consequences of local adaptation depend strongly on the pleiotropic effects of the genes involved in adaptation. Here, we investigated the pleiotropic effects of the genetic response to selection in outbred lines of Arabidopsis artificially selected to flower earlier under both winter- and spring-annual simulated conditions. The consequences of adaptation were evaluated by reciprocally transplanting selected and control lines between the two conditions. Selected lines always flower earlier than their controls, independent of growing conditions. However, selected lines, growing in the same condition in which they were selected, flower earlier than plants selected in the alternative environment. Plants selected to flower earlier in spring produce more fruits than controls when growing in the spring, and less fruits when growing in the winter; indicating that local adaptation has negative pleiotropic effects in another environment. Our results indicate that local adaptation can arise even when selection targets the same trait in the same direction. Furthermore, it suggests that adaptation under the two different environments can generate fitness trade-offs that can maintain genetic variation for flowering time.
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Claims 6
Claim · model-written summary
Selected lines flowered earlier than controls in both growing conditions.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thaliana
Arabidopsis thalianat0 - Treatment
- Selected linese0
- Outcome
- flowere0
- Direction
- earliere0
- Comparator
- their controlse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Selected lines always flower earlier than their controls, independent of growing conditions.”
t0“Arabidopsis thaliana”
Claim · model-written summary
Lines selected in their growth condition flowered earlier than lines selected in the alternative environment.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianat0
- Treatment
- selected lines, growing in the same condition in which they were selectede0
- Outcome
- flowere0
- Direction
- earliere0
- Comparator
- plants selected in the alternative environmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“selected lines, growing in the same condition in which they were selected, flower earlier than plants selected in the alternative environment.”
t0“Arabidopsis thaliana”
Claim · model-written summary
Spring selected plants produced more fruits than controls when grown in spring.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianat0
- Treatment
- Plants selected to flower earlier in springe0
- Outcome
- fruitse0
- Direction
- moree0
- Qualifier
- when growing in the springe0
- Comparator
- controlse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Plants selected to flower earlier in spring produce more fruits than controls when growing in the spring”
t0“Arabidopsis thaliana”
Claim · model-written summary
Spring selected plants produced fewer fruits than controls when grown in winter.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianat0
- Treatment
- Plants selected to flower earlier in springe0
- Outcome
- fruitse0
- Direction
- lesse0
- Qualifier
- when growing in the wintere0
- Comparator
- controlse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Plants selected to flower earlier in spring produce more fruits than controls when growing in the spring, and less fruits when growing in the winter”
t0“Arabidopsis thaliana”
Claim · model-written summary
Local adaptation can arise when selection targets the same trait in the same direction.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianat0
- Outcome
- local adaptatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“local adaptation can arise even when selection targets the same trait in the same direction.”
t0“Arabidopsis thaliana”
Claim · model-written summary
Adaptation across the two environments may create fitness tradeoffs that maintain flowering time variation.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianat0
- Outcome
- genetic variation for flowering timee0
- Qualifier
- fitness trade-offse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“adaptation under the two different environments can generate fitness trade-offs that can maintain genetic variation for flowering time.”
t0“Arabidopsis thaliana”