Abstract
Viruses with separately encapsidated genomes could have their genomes introduced into different leaves of a plant, thus necessitating long-distance trafficking of the viral RNAs for successful infection. To examine this possibility, individual or combinations of genome segments from the tripartite Brome mosaic virus (BMV) were transiently expressed in leaves of Nicotiana benthamiana plants using engineered Agrobacterium tumefaciens. BMV RNA3 was found to traffic from the initial site of expression to other leaves of the plant, as detected by RNA gel blot analyses and also by the expression of an endoplasmic reticulum-targeted green fluorescent protein. When RNA3 trafficked into leaves containing the BMV replication enzymes, RNA replication, transcription, and virion production were observed. RNA3 trafficking occurred even when it did not encode the movement or capsid proteins. However, coexpression of the movement protein increased the trafficking of BMV RNAs. BMV RNA1 and RNA2 could also traffic throughout the plant, but less efficiently than RNA3. All three BMV RNAs trafficked bidirectionally to sink leaves near the apical meristem as well as to the source leaves at the bottom of the stem, suggesting that trafficking used the phloem. These results demonstrate that BMV RNAs can use a replication-independent mechanism to traffic in N. benthamiana.
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Claims 6
Claim · model-written summary
BMV RNA3 moved from the expression site to other leaves.
- Taxon
- plante0
- Interactor
- BMV
Brome mosaic viruse0pathogen - Outcome
- traffice0
- Direction
- traffice0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“BMV RNA3 was found to traffic from the initial site of expression to other leaves of the plant”
Claim · model-written summary
When RNA3 reached leaves with BMV replication enzymes, viral RNA replication, transcription, and virion production occurred.
- Taxon
- leavese0
- Interactor
- BMVBrome mosaic viruse0pathogen
- Outcome
- RNA replication, transcription, and virion productione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“When RNA3 trafficked into leaves containing the BMV replication enzymes, RNA replication, transcription, and virion production were observed”
Claim · model-written summary
RNA3 trafficking did not require encoded movement or capsid proteins.
Not reportedTaxonInteractor
Verbatim
e0“RNA3 trafficking occurred even when it did not encode the movement or capsid proteins”
Claim · model-written summary
Movement protein coexpression increased BMV RNA trafficking.
- Treatment
- coexpression of the movement proteine0
- Interactor
- BMVBrome mosaic viruse0pathogen
- Outcome
- trafficking of BMV RNAse0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedTaxonComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“coexpression of the movement protein increased the trafficking of BMV RNAs”
Claim · model-written summary
BMV RNA1 and RNA2 also trafficked through the plant, less efficiently than RNA3.
- Taxon
- plante0
- Interactor
- BMVBrome mosaic viruse0pathogen
- Outcome
- traffic throughout the plante0
- Direction
- less efficientlye0
- Comparator
- RNA3e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“BMV RNA1 and RNA2 could also traffic throughout the plant, but less efficiently than RNA3”
Claim · model-written summary
All three BMV RNAs trafficked in both directions to sink and source leaves, suggesting phloem movement.
- Organ / stage
- sink leavese0
- Interactor
- BMVBrome mosaic viruse0pathogen
- Outcome
- trafficked bidirectionallye0
Not reportedTaxon
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“All three BMV RNAs trafficked bidirectionally to sink leaves near the apical meristem as well as to the source leaves at the bottom of the stem, suggesting that trafficking used the phloem”