Abstract
Further analysis of results obtained from a study of populations of Coccinellids on three plots of Vicia faba infested with Aphis fabae Scop, at Rothamsted during 1952 are presented. The distributions of coccinellid egg batches and older larvae (mostly 3rd and 4th instars) on bean stems of five arbitrary classes of aphid infestation, emphasise the differences in the manner of increase of the predator and prey populations considered here; at the same time, the results throw light on the oviposition behaviour of the adult Coccinellids. The degree of correlation between coccinellid egg batches and Aphids on the plots (as indicated by regression analysis) varied inversely with the size of the aphid populations on the plots. On one plot, where Aphids were extremely numerous, this correlation was negligible; on the two other plots, where Aphids were less abundant, the correlation was more marked, being highest at the plot where the aphid numbers were lowest. The degree of correlation between egg batches and Aphids was determined apparently by the rate of increase of aphid numbers. It is pointed out that while these coccinellid populations increased additively (by immigration of ladybirds to the beans), populations of A. fabae increased multiplicatively (by reproduction) and at much higher rates. During the early stages of the aphid infestations on the bean plots, when aphid-infested stems were comparatively few, there was no statistically significant association between coccinellid eggs and the presence of Aphids on the bean stems; but when all stems had become infested, egg batches tended to occur most frequently on the stems with the most Aphids. From these and other observations it is concluded that the female Coccinellids do not need the stimulus of the presence of Aphids before laying their eggs on beans, and that they concentrate on well-infested bean stems where they tend to stay and feed on the Aphids and probably oviposit on those stems. The distributions of older coccinellid larvae (3rd and 4th instars) indicate that they, too, tend to concentrate on well-infested stems. The oviposition habits of the female Coccinellids are discussed in relation to the feeding problems of the newly-hatched larvae.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
The correlation between coccinellid egg batches and aphids varied inversely with aphid population size.
- Taxon
- Vicia faba
Vicia fabae0 - Interactor
- Aphis fabae
Aphis fabaee0pest - Second interactor
- Coccinellidse0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- degree of correlation between coccinellid egg batches and Aphidse1
- Direction
- varied inverselye1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“populations of Coccinellids on three plots of Vicia faba infested with Aphis fabae Scop”
e1“The degree of correlation between coccinellid egg batches and Aphids on the plots (as indicated by regression analysis) varied inversely with the size of the aphid populations on the plots”
Claim · model-written summary
The egg-aphid correlation was negligible on the plot where aphids were extremely numerous.
- Taxon
- Vicia fabaVicia fabae0
- Interactor
- AphidsAphidomorphae2pest
- Outcome
- correlatione2
- Direction
- negligiblee2
- Qualifier
- where Aphids were extremely numerouse2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“populations of Coccinellids on three plots of Vicia faba infested with Aphis fabae Scop”
e2“On one plot, where Aphids were extremely numerous, this correlation was negligible”
Claim · model-written summary
The egg-aphid correlation was more marked on plots with fewer aphids, highest where aphid numbers were lowest.
- Taxon
- Vicia fabaVicia fabae0
- Interactor
- AphidsAphidomorphae3pest
- Outcome
- correlatione3
- Direction
- more markede3
- Qualifier
- highest at the plot where the aphid numbers were loweste3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“populations of Coccinellids on three plots of Vicia faba infested with Aphis fabae Scop”
e3“on the two other plots, where Aphids were less abundant, the correlation was more marked, being highest at the plot where the aphid numbers were lowest”
Claim · model-written summary
No statistically significant association between coccinellid eggs and aphid presence on bean stems was found early in infestation.
- Taxon
- Vicia fabaVicia fabae0
- Interactor
- AphidsAphidomorphae4pest
- Outcome
- association between coccinellid eggs and the presence of Aphidse4
- Qualifier
- During the early stages of the aphid infestationse5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“populations of Coccinellids on three plots of Vicia faba infested with Aphis fabae Scop”
e4“there was no statistically significant association between coccinellid eggs and the presence of Aphids on the bean stems”
e5“During the early stages of the aphid infestations”
Claim · model-written summary
Egg batches occurred most frequently on the most heavily infested stems once all stems were infested.
- Taxon
- Vicia fabaVicia fabae0
- Organ / stage
- stemse6
- Interactor
- AphidsAphidomorphae6pest
- Outcome
- egg batchese6
- Direction
- most frequentlye6
- Qualifier
- when all stems had become infestede6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“populations of Coccinellids on three plots of Vicia faba infested with Aphis fabae Scop”
e6“when all stems had become infested, egg batches tended to occur most frequently on the stems with the most Aphids”
Claim · model-written summary
Female coccinellids do not need the presence of aphids as a stimulus before laying eggs on beans.
- Taxon
- Vicia fabaVicia fabae0
- Outcome
- laying their eggs on beanse7
- Qualifier
- do not need the stimulus of the presence of Aphidse7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“populations of Coccinellids on three plots of Vicia faba infested with Aphis fabae Scop”
e7“the female Coccinellids do not need the stimulus of the presence of Aphids before laying their eggs on beans”
Claim · model-written summary
Coccinellids concentrate on well-infested bean stems, where they stay and feed on aphids.
- Taxon
- Vicia fabaVicia fabae0
- Interactor
- AphidsAphidomorphae1pest
- Outcome
- concentrate on well-infested bean stemse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“populations of Coccinellids on three plots of Vicia faba infested with Aphis fabae Scop”
e1“they concentrate on well-infested bean stems where they tend to stay and feed on the Aphids”
Claim · model-written summary
Coccinellid populations increased additively, by immigration of ladybirds to the beans.
- Taxon
- Vicia fabaVicia fabae0
- Outcome
- coccinellid populationse1
- Qualifier
- increased additively (by immigration of ladybirds to the beans)e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“populations of Coccinellids on three plots of Vicia faba infested with Aphis fabae Scop”
e1“these coccinellid populations increased additively (by immigration of ladybirds to the beans)”
Claim · model-written summary
A. fabae populations increased multiplicatively, by reproduction and at much higher rates than coccinellids.
- Taxon
- Vicia fabaVicia fabae0
- Interactor
- A. fabaeAphis fabaee1pest
- Outcome
- populations of A. fabaee1
- Qualifier
- increased multiplicatively (by reproduction) and at much higher ratese1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“populations of Coccinellids on three plots of Vicia faba infested with Aphis fabae Scop”
e1“populations of A. fabae increased multiplicatively (by reproduction) and at much higher rates”
Claim · model-written summary
Older coccinellid larvae also tend to concentrate on well-infested stems.
- Taxon
- Vicia fabaVicia fabae0
- Outcome
- distributions of older coccinellid larvaee1
- Qualifier
- tend to concentrate on well-infested stemse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“populations of Coccinellids on three plots of Vicia faba infested with Aphis fabae Scop”
e1“The distributions of older coccinellid larvae (3rd and 4th instars) indicate that they, too, tend to concentrate on well-infested stems”