Abstract
The seed scarcity of Sudan grass plagues the pasture industry in the livestock sector, especially in arid and semiarid regions. The current study was initiated to tackle this challenge. The study evaluates the response of the grain yield and yield components of Sudan grass to cutting numbers, potassium rates, and intrarow spacing over 2 years. A field experiment was conducted using a randomized complete block split-split design with 2 cutting numbers (no cutting and cut 1 time), 2 potassium rates (60 and 120 kg K2O ha-1), and 3 intrarow spacings (15, 20, and 25 cm between hills) as the main plot, split plot, and split-split plot, respectively. The results showed that the zero-cut treatment produced, as averaged over the 2 seasons, 52.3% and 74.5% higher grain yield and hay yield per hectare than the one-cut treatment, respectively. However, the latter treatment had harvest index and sum of hay and green forage yield values that were 17.0% and 19.9% higher than those of the zero-cut treatment, respectively. The application of potassium at a rate of 120 kg ha-1 resulted in the maximum grain yield and yield components as compared to the lower potassium rate (60 kg ha-1), with the exception of 1000-grain weight, hay yield, and sum of hay and green forage yield, which were not significantly different from each other. Averaged over 2 seasons, as the intrarow spacing between hills was increased from 15 cm to 20 and 25 cm, grain weight per panicle decreased by 11.3% and 25.7%, grain yield per hectare decreased by 6.6% and 15.7%, and harvest index decreased by 12.0% and 23.5%, respectively. The interaction among 3 factors had a significant effect on yield and yield components; the highest values for grain and hay yields per hectare were obtained by growing Sudan grass at 15 or 20 cm intrarow spacing under the zero-cut treatment with the application of potassium at rate of 120 kg ha-1. At 15 or 20 cm intrarow spacing, the values for grain yield per hectare under the one-cut treatment and high potassium rate were occasionally comparable to those for the zero-cut treatment and low potassium rate. Finally, when seed production is desired, Sudan grass should not be cut. If growers are interested in producing green forage and grain simultaneously, Sudan grass can be cut 1 time; however, it should be grown at 15 cm intrarow spacing with application of potassium at a rate of 120 kg ha-1.
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Claims 17
Claim · model-written summary
No cutting gave 52.3% higher grain yield than one cutting.
- Taxon
- Sudan grass
Sorghum ×drummondiit0 - Treatment
- zero-cut treatmente0
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 52.3%e0
- Comparator
- one-cut treatmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Sudan grass (Sorghum sudanense (Piper) Stapf)”
e0“The results showed that the zero-cut treatment produced, as averaged over the 2 seasons, 52.3% and 74.5% higher grain yield and hay yield per hectare than the one-cut treatment, respectively.”
Claim · model-written summary
No cutting gave 74.5% higher hay yield than one cutting.
- Taxon
- Sudan grassSorghum ×drummondiit0
- Treatment
- zero-cut treatmente0
- Outcome
- hay yield per hectaree0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 74.5%e0
- Comparator
- one-cut treatmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Sudan grass (Sorghum sudanense (Piper) Stapf)”
e0“The results showed that the zero-cut treatment produced, as averaged over the 2 seasons, 52.3% and 74.5% higher grain yield and hay yield per hectare than the one-cut treatment, respectively.”
Claim · model-written summary
One cutting increased harvest index by 17.0% compared with no cutting.
- Taxon
- Sudan grassSorghum ×drummondiit0
- Treatment
- the latter treatmente0
- Outcome
- harvest indexe0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 17.0%e0
- Comparator
- zero-cut treatmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Sudan grass (Sorghum sudanense (Piper) Stapf)”
e0“However, the latter treatment had harvest index and sum of hay and green forage yield values that were 17.0% and 19.9% higher than those of the zero-cut treatment, respectively.”
Claim · model-written summary
One cutting increased combined hay and green forage yield by 19.9%.
- Taxon
- Sudan grassSorghum ×drummondiit0
- Treatment
- the latter treatmente0
- Outcome
- sum of hay and green forage yielde0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 19.9%e0
- Comparator
- zero-cut treatmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Sudan grass (Sorghum sudanense (Piper) Stapf)”
e0“However, the latter treatment had harvest index and sum of hay and green forage yield values that were 17.0% and 19.9% higher than those of the zero-cut treatment, respectively.”
Claim · model-written summary
The higher potassium rate gave maximum grain yield and yield components other than the stated exceptions.
- Taxon
- Sudan grassSorghum ×drummondiit0
- Treatment
- potassium at a rate of 120 kg ha-1e0
- Outcome
- grain yield and yield componentse0
- Direction
- maximume0
- Qualifier
- with the exception of 1000-grain weight, hay yield, and sum of hay and green forage yielde0
- Comparator
- lower potassium rate (60 kg ha-1)e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Sudan grass (Sorghum sudanense (Piper) Stapf)”
e0“The application of potassium at a rate of 120 kg ha-1 resulted in the maximum grain yield and yield components as compared to the lower potassium rate (60 kg ha-1), with the exception of 1000-grain weight, hay yield, and sum of hay and green forage yield, which were not significantly different from each other.”
Claim · model-written summary
The potassium rates did not significantly differ in 1000 grain weight, hay yield, or combined hay and green forage yield.
- Taxon
- Sudan grassSorghum ×drummondiit0
- Outcome
- 1000-grain weight, hay yield, and sum of hay and green forage yielde0
- Direction
- not significantly differente0
Not reportedTreatmentComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Sudan grass (Sorghum sudanense (Piper) Stapf)”
e0“1000-grain weight, hay yield, and sum of hay and green forage yield, which were not significantly different from each other.”
Claim · model-written summary
Spacing at 20 cm decreased grain weight per panicle by 11.3% from 15 cm.
- Taxon
- Sudan grassSorghum ×drummondiit0
- Treatment
- 20e0
- Outcome
- grain weight per paniclee0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Value
- 11.3%e0
- Comparator
- 15 cme0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Sudan grass (Sorghum sudanense (Piper) Stapf)”
e0“as the intrarow spacing between hills was increased from 15 cm to 20 and 25 cm, grain weight per panicle decreased by 11.3% and 25.7%, grain yield per hectare decreased by 6.6% and 15.7%, and harvest index decreased by 12.0% and 23.5%, respectively.”
Claim · model-written summary
Spacing at 25 cm decreased grain weight per panicle by 25.7% from 15 cm.
- Taxon
- Sudan grassSorghum ×drummondiit0
- Treatment
- 25 cme0
- Outcome
- grain weight per paniclee0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Value
- 25.7%e0
- Comparator
- 15 cme0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Sudan grass (Sorghum sudanense (Piper) Stapf)”
e0“as the intrarow spacing between hills was increased from 15 cm to 20 and 25 cm, grain weight per panicle decreased by 11.3% and 25.7%, grain yield per hectare decreased by 6.6% and 15.7%, and harvest index decreased by 12.0% and 23.5%, respectively.”
Claim · model-written summary
Spacing at 20 cm decreased grain yield by 6.6% from 15 cm.
- Taxon
- Sudan grassSorghum ×drummondiit0
- Treatment
- 20e0
- Outcome
- grain yield per hectaree0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Value
- 6.6%e0
- Comparator
- 15 cme0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Sudan grass (Sorghum sudanense (Piper) Stapf)”
e0“as the intrarow spacing between hills was increased from 15 cm to 20 and 25 cm, grain weight per panicle decreased by 11.3% and 25.7%, grain yield per hectare decreased by 6.6% and 15.7%, and harvest index decreased by 12.0% and 23.5%, respectively.”
Claim · model-written summary
Spacing at 25 cm decreased grain yield by 15.7% from 15 cm.
- Taxon
- Sudan grassSorghum ×drummondiit0
- Treatment
- 25 cme0
- Outcome
- grain yield per hectaree0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Value
- 15.7%e0
- Comparator
- 15 cme0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Sudan grass (Sorghum sudanense (Piper) Stapf)”
e0“as the intrarow spacing between hills was increased from 15 cm to 20 and 25 cm, grain weight per panicle decreased by 11.3% and 25.7%, grain yield per hectare decreased by 6.6% and 15.7%, and harvest index decreased by 12.0% and 23.5%, respectively.”
Claim · model-written summary
Spacing at 20 cm decreased harvest index by 12.0% from 15 cm.
- Taxon
- Sudan grassSorghum ×drummondiit0
- Treatment
- 20e0
- Outcome
- harvest indexe0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Value
- 12.0%e0
- Comparator
- 15 cme0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Sudan grass (Sorghum sudanense (Piper) Stapf)”
e0“as the intrarow spacing between hills was increased from 15 cm to 20 and 25 cm, grain weight per panicle decreased by 11.3% and 25.7%, grain yield per hectare decreased by 6.6% and 15.7%, and harvest index decreased by 12.0% and 23.5%, respectively.”
Claim · model-written summary
Spacing at 25 cm decreased harvest index by 23.5% from 15 cm.
- Taxon
- Sudan grassSorghum ×drummondiit0
- Treatment
- 25 cme0
- Outcome
- harvest indexe0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Value
- 23.5%e0
- Comparator
- 15 cme0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Sudan grass (Sorghum sudanense (Piper) Stapf)”
e0“as the intrarow spacing between hills was increased from 15 cm to 20 and 25 cm, grain weight per panicle decreased by 11.3% and 25.7%, grain yield per hectare decreased by 6.6% and 15.7%, and harvest index decreased by 12.0% and 23.5%, respectively.”
Claim · model-written summary
The three factors interacted significantly for yield and yield components.
- Taxon
- Sudan grassSorghum ×drummondiit0
- Outcome
- yield and yield componentse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Sudan grass (Sorghum sudanense (Piper) Stapf)”
e0“The interaction among 3 factors had a significant effect on yield and yield components;”
Claim · model-written summary
Highest grain and hay yields occurred with no cutting, high potassium, and 15 or 20 cm spacing.
- Taxon
- Sudan grassSorghum ×drummondiie0
- Treatment
- 15 or 20 cm intrarow spacing under the zero-cut treatment with the application of potassium at rate of 120 kg ha-1e0
- Outcome
- grain and hay yields per hectaree0
- Direction
- higheste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the highest values for grain and hay yields per hectare were obtained by growing Sudan grass at 15 or 20 cm intrarow spacing under the zero-cut treatment with the application of potassium at rate of 120 kg ha-1.”
Claim · model-written summary
At 15 or 20 cm spacing, one cutting plus high potassium sometimes matched no cutting plus low potassium for grain yield.
- Taxon
- Sudan grassSorghum ×drummondiit0
- Treatment
- one-cut treatment and high potassium ratee0
- Outcome
- grain yield per hectaree0
- Direction
- comparablee0
- Qualifier
- occasionallye0
- Comparator
- zero-cut treatment and low potassium ratee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Sudan grass (Sorghum sudanense (Piper) Stapf)”
e0“At 15 or 20 cm intrarow spacing, the values for grain yield per hectare under the one-cut treatment and high potassium rate were occasionally comparable to those for the zero-cut treatment and low potassium rate.”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors advise against cutting Sudan grass when seed production is wanted.
- Taxon
- Sudan grassSorghum ×drummondiie0
- Outcome
- should not be cute0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Finally, when seed production is desired, Sudan grass should not be cut.”
Claim · model-written summary
For simultaneous green forage and grain, the authors recommend one cutting with 15 cm spacing and 120 kg ha-1 potassium.
- Taxon
- Sudan grassSorghum ×drummondiie0
- Outcome
- can be cut 1 time; however, it should be grown at 15 cm intrarow spacing with application of potassium at a rate of 120 kg ha-1e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“If growers are interested in producing green forage and grain simultaneously, Sudan grass can be cut 1 time; however, it should be grown at 15 cm intrarow spacing with application of potassium at a rate of 120 kg ha-1.”
The same questions in other papers
density · yield · Sorghum x drummondii (Sudan grass)Positive and negative results
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- no effect
- negative
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See all 8 papers →potassium · yield · Sorghum x drummondii (Sudan grass)Results agree
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- positive
- positive
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See all 7 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.