Abstract
The study was conducted on Alfisols of Arjo and Shambu highlands of western Ethiopia under the farmers’ condition to determine optimum NP fertilizers rate for wheat production. The treatments used were four levels of N (0, 23, 46, and 60 kg ha 1 ) and three levels of P (0, 15, and 23 kg ha 1 ) in factorial arrangement. The treatments were laid out in randomized complete block design with three replications using the local wheat variety. The main effects of N were significant (P 0.05) on grain yield at all locations and seasons except for 2008 at Shambu and 2010 at Arjo. The soil analytical data showed that most of the farmers allocated the fertile parts of their land for wheat production. The economic analysis revealed that the highest net benefit were 2937.50 Eth. Birr/ha with the sole application of 23 kg N ha 1 . However, the highest marginal rate of return (MRR) was achieved with the sole application of 46 kg N ha 1 which provided 16785.70% MRR, followed by 2470.37% with the use of 23/23 kg N/P ha 1 . As P is also the limiting plant nutrients in Alfisols of Arjo and Shambu highlands, the use of 23/23 kg N/P ha 1 is found to be economical and practical for wheat production in the study area. Sensitivity analysis was carried out as well with 10% increases in inputs (labor and NP fertilizers) that maintained the recommendation. However, the recommendation (23/23 kg N/P ha 1 ) should be used, taking into account the farmers’ soil fertility classification systems. The full dose of the recommended rate should be used on the farmers’ field classified as low fertile. This implies that no need to use NP fertilizers on soils classified as fertile by farmers since the resultant lodging and disease incidence significantly reduce the grain yield.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
N main effects were significant for wheat grain yield at all locations and seasons, except 2008 at Shambu and 2010 at Arjo.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivume1 - Treatment
- four levels of Ne3
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Qualifier
- except for 2008 at Shambu and 2010 at Arjoe0
- Setting
- Arjo and Shambu highlandse2
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The main effects of N were significant (P 0.05) on grain yield at all locations and seasons except for 2008 at Shambu and 2010 at Arjo”
e1“optimum NP fertilizers rate for wheat production”
e2“Alfisols of Arjo and Shambu highlands of western Ethiopia”
e3“four levels of N (0, 23, 46, and 60 kg ha 1 )”
Claim · model-written summary
Most farmers allocated the fertile parts of their land to wheat production.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Outcome
- allocated the fertile parts of their lande0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The soil analytical data showed that most of the farmers allocated the fertile parts of their land for wheat production”
Claim · model-written summary
The highest net benefit, 2937.50 Eth. Birr/ha, was obtained with the sole application of 23 kg N/ha.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- sole application of 23 kg N ha 1e0
- Outcome
- net benefite0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 2937.50 Eth. Birr/hae0
- Setting
- Arjo and Shambu highlandse2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The economic analysis revealed that the highest net benefit were 2937.50 Eth. Birr/ha with the sole application of 23 kg N ha 1”
e1“optimum NP fertilizers rate for wheat production”
e2“Alfisols of Arjo and Shambu highlands of western Ethiopia”
Claim · model-written summary
The highest marginal rate of return (16785.70%) was achieved with the sole application of 46 kg N/ha.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- sole application of 46 kg N ha 1e0
- Outcome
- marginal rate of return (MRR)e0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 16785.70%e0
- Setting
- Arjo and Shambu highlandse2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the highest marginal rate of return (MRR) was achieved with the sole application of 46 kg N ha 1 which provided 16785.70% MRR”
e1“optimum NP fertilizers rate for wheat production”
e2“Alfisols of Arjo and Shambu highlands of western Ethiopia”
Claim · model-written summary
The MRR with 23/23 kg N/P per ha (2470.37%) was lower than the 46 kg N/ha MRR.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- use of 23/23 kg N/P ha 1e0
- Outcome
- MRRe0
- Direction
- lowerinferrede0
- Value
- 2470.37%e0
- Setting
- Arjo and Shambu highlandse2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“which provided 16785.70% MRR, followed by 2470.37% with the use of 23/23 kg N/P ha 1”
e1“optimum NP fertilizers rate for wheat production”
e2“Alfisols of Arjo and Shambu highlands of western Ethiopia”
Claim · model-written summary
The use of 23/23 kg N/P per ha is economical and practical for wheat production in the study area.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- use of 23/23 kg N/P ha 1e0
- Outcome
- economical and practicale0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the use of 23/23 kg N/P ha 1 is found to be economical and practical for wheat production in the study area”
Claim · model-written summary
A 10% increase in inputs (labor and NP fertilizers) maintained the recommendation.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- 10% increases in inputs (labor and NP fertilizers)e0
- Outcome
- recommendatione0
- Direction
- maintainede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Sensitivity analysis was carried out as well with 10% increases in inputs (labor and NP fertilizers) that maintained the recommendation”
e1“optimum NP fertilizers rate for wheat production”
Claim · model-written summary
The recommended 23/23 kg N/P per ha should be used, taking into account farmers’ soil fertility classification systems.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Outcome
- recommendation (23/23 kg N/P ha 1) should be usede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the recommendation (23/23 kg N/P ha 1) should be used, taking into account the farmers’ soil fertility classification systems”
e1“optimum NP fertilizers rate for wheat production”
Claim · model-written summary
The full recommended rate should be used on farmers’ fields classified as low fertile.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Outcome
- full dose of the recommended ratee0
- Setting
- farmers’ field classified as low fertilee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The full dose of the recommended rate should be used on the farmers’ field classified as low fertile”
e1“optimum NP fertilizers rate for wheat production”
Claim · model-written summary
NP fertilizers are not needed on soils that farmers classify as fertile.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Outcome
- no need to use NP fertilizerse0
- Setting
- soils classified as fertile by farmerse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“no need to use NP fertilizers on soils classified as fertile by farmers”
e1“optimum NP fertilizers rate for wheat production”
Claim · model-written summary
Lodging and disease incidence significantly reduce wheat grain yield.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Direction
- reducee0
- Qualifier
- lodging and disease incidencee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“since the resultant lodging and disease incidence significantly reduce the grain yield”
e1“optimum NP fertilizers rate for wheat production”
The same questions in other papers
nitrogen · yield · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Positive and negative results
1,736 papers in the same direction as this paper · 285 in the opposite direction · 39 reporting no difference from an alternative
- negative
- negative
- negative
2,057 papers more in this group
See all 2,061 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.