Abstract
Isolates of Stagonospora nodorum, obtained from diseased wheat leaves collected in fields in Montana, North Dakota, and South Dakota, were tested on detached seedling leaves of wheat and found to be pathogenic. Differences among isolates chosen at random were detected in the first phase of the inoculations. Isolates associated with severe and mild symptom severity, as measured by lesion size, were selected in phase two. Isolates associated with severe and mild symptom severity were statistically differentiated in phase three. The ability of isolates to cause significant differences in symptom severity was interpreted as differences in aggressiveness. The differences among isolates detected with detached leaf experiments was confirmed with glasshouse inoculations of seedling wheat plants. The high aggressive isolates consistently produced higher symptom severity on wheat seedlings, as measured by percentage necrosis, than low aggressive isolates. Cultivars were consistently differentiated with isolates associated with different levels of aggressiveness. With unselected isolates, the cultivar × isolate interaction was nonsignificant, indicating a lack of specificity. With high and low aggressive isolates, the cultivar × isolate interaction was significant. Considering that the magnitude of the mean squares for interactions were rather low compared to the main effects, it is speculated either that specificity is detected with the present isolates but only at a low level, or that specificity is apparent only when isolate extremes are tested. With studying isolates in phases rather than random comparisons, fungal isolates associated the high and low aggressiveness can be identified and, once identified, isolates from different hosts or geographical areas can be compared in an efficient and meaningful manner.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
The tested isolates were pathogenic on detached wheat leaves.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivume0 - Interactor
- Stagonospora nodorum
Parastagonospora nodorume0pathogen - Outcome
- found to be pathogenice0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Isolates of Stagonospora nodorum, obtained from diseased wheat leaves collected in fields in Montana, North Dakota, and South Dakota, were tested on detached seedling leaves of wheat and found to be pathogenic.”
Claim · model-written summary
Randomly selected isolates differed in the first inoculation phase.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Interactor
- Stagonospora nodorumParastagonospora nodorumt0pathogen
- Outcome
- Differences among isolates chosen at randome0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Differences among isolates chosen at random were detected in the first phase of the inoculations.”
t0“Stagonospora nodorum Isolates Obtained from Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
High- and low-severity isolates were statistically differentiated.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Interactor
- Stagonospora nodorumParastagonospora nodorumt0pathogen
- Outcome
- severe and mild symptom severitye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Isolates associated with severe and mild symptom severity were statistically differentiated in phase three.”
t0“Stagonospora nodorum Isolates Obtained from Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Detached-leaf isolate differences were confirmed in glasshouse inoculations.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Interactor
- Stagonospora nodorumParastagonospora nodorumt0pathogen
- Outcome
- differences among isolatese0
- Setting
- glasshousee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The differences among isolates detected with detached leaf experiments was confirmed with glasshouse inoculations of seedling wheat plants.”
t0“Stagonospora nodorum”
Claim · model-written summary
Highly aggressive isolates caused higher seedling necrosis than low-aggression isolates.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- high aggressive isolatese0
- Interactor
- Stagonospora nodorumParastagonospora nodorumt0pathogen
- Outcome
- symptom severity on wheat seedlings, as measured by percentage necrosise0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- low aggressive isolatese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The high aggressive isolates consistently produced higher symptom severity on wheat seedlings, as measured by percentage necrosis, than low aggressive isolates.”
t0“Stagonospora nodorum”
Claim · model-written summary
Cultivars were differentiated by isolate aggressiveness.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Interactor
- Stagonospora nodorumParastagonospora nodorumt0pathogen
- Outcome
- Cultivars were consistently differentiatede0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Cultivars were consistently differentiated with isolates associated with different levels of aggressiveness.”
t0“Stagonospora nodorum Isolates Obtained from Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Unselected isolates showed a nonsignificant cultivar-by-isolate interaction.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Interactor
- Stagonospora nodorumParastagonospora nodorumt0pathogen
- Outcome
- cultivar × isolate interactione0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“With unselected isolates, the cultivar × isolate interaction was nonsignificant, indicating a lack of specificity.”
t0“Stagonospora nodorum Isolates Obtained from Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
High- and low-aggression isolates showed a significant cultivar-by-isolate interaction.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Interactor
- Stagonospora nodorumParastagonospora nodorumt0pathogen
- Outcome
- cultivar × isolate interactione0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“With high and low aggressive isolates, the cultivar × isolate interaction was significant.”
t0“Stagonospora nodorum Isolates Obtained from Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors speculated that specificity was weak or apparent only at isolate extremes.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Interactor
- Stagonospora nodorumParastagonospora nodorumt0pathogen
- Outcome
- specificitye0
- Qualifier
- only when isolate extremes are testede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“it is speculated either that specificity is detected with the present isolates but only at a low level, or that specificity is apparent only when isolate extremes are tested.”
t0“Stagonospora nodorum Isolates Obtained from Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Phased screening can identify high- and low-aggressiveness isolates for comparison.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Interactor
- Stagonospora nodorumParastagonospora nodorumt0pathogen
- Outcome
- fungal isolates associated the high and low aggressiveness can be identifiede0
- Comparator
- random comparisonse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“With studying isolates in phases rather than random comparisons, fungal isolates associated the high and low aggressiveness can be identified”
t0“Stagonospora nodorum Isolates Obtained from Wheat”