Abstract
A long-term rotation experiment was established in 2001 to compare conservation or reduced tillage systems (shallow rototiller and chisel tillage) with conventional tillage system using mouldboard plough in a semi-arid region with Mediterranean climate. Field experiments were conducted to determine weed density and profitability of cropping systems in a crop rotation of winter wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.)-winter vetch ( Vicia sativa L.) from 2001 to 2004 and winter wheat-winter vetch/summer maize ( Zea mays L.) from 2004 to 2009. Results indicated that, rototiller markedly increased total weed density, as compared with mouldboard plough, by 72% and 58% in maize and vetch, respectively, while total weed density was statistically similar for the three tillage systems in wheat. Maize yield was significantly higher for rototiller and the lowest for chisel compared to mouldboard plough, but, there were no significant differences in wheat yield between the two tillage systems. Chisel and mouldboard plough resulted in a high yield of vetch in the last five years of the vetch growing season, but there were no significant differences in yield between tillage systems in the first three growing seasons of the crop. Based on market returns, gross margin over production costs were significantly higher for rototiller in wheat and maize when compared with mouldboard plough by 20.7% and 15.3%, respectively. Chisel production costs were similar to rototiller and lower than plough; but, chisel had a gross margin similar to mouldboard plough and higher than rototiller, in both vetch growing seasons. Time savings were 43% and 47% for rototiller and chisel, respectively, as compared with plough in wheat. The corresponding values in vetch and maize were, for rototiller, 46% and 50%, and, for chisel, 28% and 32%, respectively.
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Claims 17
Claim · model-written summary
Rototiller increased total weed density in maize by 72% compared with mouldboard plough.
- Treatment
- rototillere1
- Outcome
- total weed densitye1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Value
- 72%e1
- Comparator
- mouldboard ploughe1
Zea maysOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“rototiller markedly increased total weed density, as compared with mouldboard plough, by 72% and 58% in maize and vetch, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Rototiller increased total weed density in vetch by 58% compared with mouldboard plough.
Verbatim
e1“rototiller markedly increased total weed density, as compared with mouldboard plough, by 72% and 58% in maize and vetch, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Total weed density was statistically similar for the three tillage systems in wheat.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivume6 - Treatment
- tillage systemse6
- Outcome
- total weed densitye6
- Direction
- no_changeinferrede6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e6“total weed density was statistically similar for the three tillage systems in wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Maize yield was significantly higher under rototiller than under mouldboard plough.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“Maize yield was significantly higher for rototiller and the lowest for chisel compared to mouldboard plough”
Claim · model-written summary
Maize yield was lowest under chisel tillage compared with mouldboard plough.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“Maize yield was significantly higher for rototiller and the lowest for chisel compared to mouldboard plough”
Claim · model-written summary
Wheat yield did not differ significantly between the two tillage systems.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume3
- Treatment
- tillage systemse3
- Outcome
- wheat yielde3
- Direction
- no_changeinferrede3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e3“there were no significant differences in wheat yield between the two tillage systems”
Claim · model-written summary
Gross margin over production costs was higher under rototiller than under mouldboard plough in wheat, by 20.7%.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume4
- Treatment
- rototillere4
- Outcome
- gross margin over production costse4
- Direction
- highere4
- Value
- 20.7%e4
- Comparator
- mouldboard ploughe4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e4“Based on market returns, gross margin over production costs were significantly higher for rototiller in wheat and maize when compared with mouldboard plough by 20.7% and 15.3%, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Gross margin over production costs was higher under rototiller than under mouldboard plough in maize, by 15.3%.
- Treatment
- rototillere4
- Outcome
- gross margin over production costse4
- Direction
- highere4
- Value
- 15.3%e4
- Comparator
- mouldboard ploughe4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e4“Based on market returns, gross margin over production costs were significantly higher for rototiller in wheat and maize when compared with mouldboard plough by 20.7% and 15.3%, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Rototiller saved 43% of time compared with plough in wheat.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume5
- Treatment
- rototillere5
- Outcome
- Time savingse5
- Direction
- increaseinferrede5
- Value
- 43%e5
- Comparator
- ploughe5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e5“Time savings were 43% and 47% for rototiller and chisel, respectively, as compared with plough in wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Chisel saved 47% of time compared with plough in wheat.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume5
- Treatment
- chisele5
- Outcome
- Time savingse5
- Direction
- increaseinferrede5
- Value
- 47%e5
- Comparator
- ploughe5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e5“Time savings were 43% and 47% for rototiller and chisel, respectively, as compared with plough in wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Rototiller saved 46% of time compared with plough in vetch.
Verbatim
e5“Time savings were 43% and 47% for rototiller and chisel, respectively, as compared with plough in wheat”
e0“The corresponding values in vetch and maize were, for rototiller, 46% and 50%, and, for chisel, 28% and 32%, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Rototiller saved 50% of time compared with plough in maize.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e5“Time savings were 43% and 47% for rototiller and chisel, respectively, as compared with plough in wheat”
e0“The corresponding values in vetch and maize were, for rototiller, 46% and 50%, and, for chisel, 28% and 32%, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Chisel saved 28% of time compared with plough in vetch.
Verbatim
e5“Time savings were 43% and 47% for rototiller and chisel, respectively, as compared with plough in wheat”
e0“The corresponding values in vetch and maize were, for rototiller, 46% and 50%, and, for chisel, 28% and 32%, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Chisel saved 32% of time compared with plough in maize.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e5“Time savings were 43% and 47% for rototiller and chisel, respectively, as compared with plough in wheat”
e0“The corresponding values in vetch and maize were, for rototiller, 46% and 50%, and, for chisel, 28% and 32%, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Chisel and mouldboard plough gave a high yield of vetch in the last five years of the vetch growing season.
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e7“Chisel and mouldboard plough resulted in a high yield of vetch in the last five years of the vetch growing season”
Claim · model-written summary
Chisel gave a gross margin similar to mouldboard plough and higher than rototiller in vetch.
Verbatim
e7“chisel had a gross margin similar to mouldboard plough and higher than rototiller, in both vetch growing seasons”
Claim · model-written summary
Chisel production costs were similar to rototiller and lower than plough.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume5
- Treatment
- Chisele6
- Outcome
- production costse6
- Direction
- lowere6
- Comparator
- ploughe6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e5“Time savings were 43% and 47% for rototiller and chisel, respectively, as compared with plough in wheat”
e6“Chisel production costs were similar to rototiller and lower than plough”
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See all 1,414 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.