Abstract
Integrated weed management programs require a clear understanding of the mechanisms influencing the establishment, growth, and reproduction of unwanted plants (weeds) in agro-ecosystems. This study evaluates the effect of long-term (95 years after the establishment of the site) crop rotation and chemical fertilizers on the weed community dynamics in spring barley at the Agricultural University of Timiriazev, Agricultural Site in Moscow. The weed community occurring on plots of spring barley (grown in crop rotation or continuous) was examined under nitrogen, potassium, phosphorus, NPK, and a control with no fertilizer treatments. Statistical analyses were conducted using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and principal component analysis (PCA). The results show that a) at the study sites, spring weeds are dominant components on agro-ecosystems; b) weed density, particularly of perennials, has significantly decreased under crop rotation; c) the combination of fertilizers (NPK) also decreased the weed density, d) weed density under separate N, P, and K applications was almost the same as that in the control plots. These results suggest that long-term crop rotation and NPK application can strongly affect and reduce weed density in spring barley.
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Claims 4
Claim · model-written summary
Spring weeds dominated the studied agroecosystems.
- Taxon
- spring barley
.jpg?width=60)
Hordeum vulgaret0 - Interactor
- spring weedse0weed
- Outcome
- spring weeds are dominant componentse0
- Setting
- the study sitese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“at the study sites, spring weeds are dominant components on agro-ecosystems”
t0“spring barley”
Claim · model-written summary
Crop rotation significantly decreased weed density, particularly perennial weeds.
- Taxon
- spring barleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Treatment
- crop rotatione0
- Interactor
- perennialse0weed
- Outcome
- weed density, particularly of perennialse0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“weed density, particularly of perennials, has significantly decreased under crop rotation”
t0“spring barley”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined NPK fertilizers decreased weed density.
- Taxon
- spring barleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Treatment
- combination of fertilizers (NPK)e0
- Interactor
- weede0weed
- Outcome
- weed densitye0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the combination of fertilizers (NPK) also decreased the weed density”
t0“spring barley”
Claim · model-written summary
Separate N, P, and K applications yielded weed density almost the same as controls.
- Taxon
- spring barleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Treatment
- separate N, P, and K applicationse0
- Interactor
- weede0weed
- Outcome
- weed densitye0
- Direction
- almost the samee0
- Comparator
- control plotse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“weed density under separate N, P, and K applications was almost the same as that in the control plots”
t0“spring barley”
The same questions in other papers
rotation · weed · Hordeum vulgare (barley)Positive and negative results
1 paper in the same direction as this paper · 2 in the opposite direction · 1 reporting no difference from an alternative
- negative
- negative
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See all 5 papers →nitrogen · weed · Hordeum vulgare (barley)Positive and negative results
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See all 9 papers →fertilization · weed · Hordeum vulgare (barley)Positive and negative results
8 papers in the same direction as this paper · 4 in the opposite direction · 1 reporting no difference from an alternative
- no effect
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See all 14 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.