Abstract
Abstract Neem seed extracts are promising natural pesticides which are effective under field conditions against a broad spectrum of insect pests. The main target insects are larvae of Lepidoptera, which feed freely on the leaves and other parts of their host plants. Larvae of some Coleoptera, for instance Chrysomelidae and phytophagous Coccinellidae, are also very sensitive. Satisfactory results were obtained against sawflies (Tenthredinidae), mining flies (Agromyzidae) and mosquitoes (Culicidae). Some Orthoptera (Locustidae) are deterred from feeding on treated plants, which is also observed in other hemimetabolous and a number of holometabolous insects. Neem seed extracts are non‐toxic to warm‐blooded organisms and show no or only very moderate side‐effects on natural enemies of insect pests. Consequently, they appear to be very suitable insecticides for pest management, especially in developing countries. Zusammenfassung Welche Schadinsekten können durch Einsatz von Niemsamenextrakten unter Feldbedingungen bekämpft werden? Niemsamenextrakte sind vielversprechende natürliche Insektizide, die gegen ein breites Spektrum von Schadinsekten auch unter Feldbedingungen erfolgreich eingesetzt werden können. Die wichtigsten Zielorganismen sind Lepidopterenraupen, die frei an den Nährpflanzen fressen. Auch einige Coleopterenlarven, wie Chrysomeliden und phytophage Coccinelliden, erweisen sich als empfindlich. Gute Ergebnisse sind überdies gegen Blattwespenlarven, Minierfliegen und Stechmücken erzielt worden. Bei Orthopteren (Heuschrecken) treten fraßbschreckende Effekte auf, die auch bei einigen anderen hemimetabolen und verschiedenen holometabolen Insekten zu verzeichnen sind. Niemsamenextrakte sind für Warmblüter nicht toxisch und zeigen keine oder nur sehr geringe Nebenwirkungen auf natürliche Feinde von Schadinsekten. Sie erscheinen deshalb vor allem für die Entwicklungsländer als solche Insektizide, die für den integrierten Pflanzenschutz besonders geeignet sind.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
Neem extracts were described as effective against a broad spectrum of insect pests in fields.
- Treatment
- Neem seed extractse0
- Interactor
- insect pestse0pest
- Outcome
- effectivee0
- Setting
- field conditionse0
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“Neem seed extracts are promising natural pesticides which are effective under field conditions against a broad spectrum of insect pests.”
Claim · model-written summary
Freely feeding Lepidoptera larvae were identified as main target insects.
- Taxon
- host plantse0
- Interactor
- LepidopteraLepidopterae0pest
- Outcome
- main target insectse0
Verbatim
e0“The main target insects are larvae of Lepidoptera, which feed freely on the leaves and other parts of their host plants.”
Claim · model-written summary
Some Coleoptera larvae were very sensitive to neem extracts.
- Interactor
- ColeopteraColeopterae0pest
- Outcome
- very sensitivee0
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“Larvae of some Coleoptera, for instance Chrysomelidae and phytophagous Coccinellidae, are also very sensitive.”
Claim · model-written summary
Neem extracts produced satisfactory control of sawflies.
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“Satisfactory results were obtained against sawflies (Tenthredinidae), mining flies (Agromyzidae) and mosquitoes (Culicidae).”
Claim · model-written summary
Neem extracts produced satisfactory control of mining flies.
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“Satisfactory results were obtained against sawflies (Tenthredinidae), mining flies (Agromyzidae) and mosquitoes (Culicidae).”
Claim · model-written summary
Neem extracts deterred some Orthoptera from feeding on treated plants.
- Taxon
- plantsViridiplantaee0
- Interactor
- OrthopteraOrthopterae0pest
- Outcome
- feedinge0
- Direction
- deterrede0
Verbatim
e0“Some Orthoptera (Locustidae) are deterred from feeding on treated plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Neem extracts had at most moderate side effects on pest natural enemies.
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“show no or only very moderate side‐effects on natural enemies of insect pests.”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend neem extracts for pest management, especially in developing countries.
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“they appear to be very suitable insecticides for pest management, especially in developing countries.”