Abstract
The allelopathic potential of aqueous extracts from fruits, leaves, roots and bark of the pepper tree ( Schinus molle L.) were investigated on emergence and seedling development of wheat ( Triticum sativa L.) and agricultural weeds. Different concentrations of the original extract (undiluted, 1:1, 1:3 and water, v/v) were applied to a soil amended with cattle manure in 2-litre pots. Extracts from all the tree parts significantly (p < 0.05) reduced seedling emergence, height and dry matter yields of wheat and weed seedlings compared to the control (water). The inhibitory effects on both wheat and weed seedlings were consistently in the order fruit=leaves >roots>bark. The inhibitory effects were however progressively reduced by diluting the original extracts suggesting that there was reduction in the concentration of the compounds inhibiting the emergence and development of seedlings. The weed population and species composition were negatively affected by tree extracts but improved with dilution of the extracts. It was observed that grass weed species were relatively more adversely affected by the inhibitory compounds in the extracts than broad leaf species at each level of extract dilution. The results confirm the presence of water-soluble compounds in the tissues of the pepper tree which can inhibit seedling emergence and growth of wheat and weed seedlings. It is concluded that the pepper tree posses allelopathic characteristics that may be explored for weed management in agriculture. Further investigations are recommended to elucidate the nature of the phytotoxin, formulation, mode of application and the appropriate economic way of exploiting this potential.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
Pepper tree extracts reduced wheat seedling emergence, height and dry matter yield.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivume0 - Treatment
- Extracts from all the tree partse0
- Outcome
- seedling emergence, height and dry matter yields of wheate0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Comparator
- control (water)e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Extracts from all the tree parts significantly (p < 0.05) reduced seedling emergence, height and dry matter yields of wheat and weed seedlings compared to the control (water).”
Claim · model-written summary
Pepper tree extracts reduced weed seedling emergence, height and dry matter yield.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- Extracts from all the tree partse0
- Interactor
- weed seedlingse0weed
- Outcome
- seedling emergence, height and dry matter yields of wheat and weed seedlingse0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Comparator
- control (water)e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Extracts from all the tree parts significantly (p < 0.05) reduced seedling emergence, height and dry matter yields of wheat and weed seedlings compared to the control (water).”
Claim · model-written summary
Fruit and leaf extracts were most inhibitory, followed by roots and bark.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Interactor
- weed seedlingse0weed
- Outcome
- inhibitory effects on both wheat and weed seedlingse0
- Direction
- fruit=leaves >roots>barke0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The inhibitory effects on both wheat and weed seedlings were consistently in the order fruit=leaves >roots>bark.”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Diluting pepper tree extracts progressively reduced their inhibitory effects.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- diluting the original extractse0
- Outcome
- inhibitory effectse0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Comparator
- original extractse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The inhibitory effects were however progressively reduced by diluting the original extracts suggesting that there was reduction in the concentration of the compounds inhibiting the emergence and development of seedlings.”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Tree extracts negatively affected weed population and species composition.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- tree extractse0
- Interactor
- weede0weed
- Outcome
- weed population and species compositione0
- Direction
- negatively affectede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The weed population and species composition were negatively affected by tree extracts but improved with dilution of the extracts.”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Dilution improved weed population and species composition.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- dilution of the extractse0
- Interactor
- weede0weed
- Outcome
- weed population and species compositione0
- Direction
- improvede0
- Comparator
- tree extractse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The weed population and species composition were negatively affected by tree extracts but improved with dilution of the extracts.”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Grass weeds were more adversely affected than broad leaf weeds at each dilution.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Interactor
- grass weed speciese0weed
- Outcome
- grass weed speciese0
- Direction
- more adversely affectede0
- Comparator
- broad leaf speciese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“grass weed species were relatively more adversely affected by the inhibitory compounds in the extracts than broad leaf species at each level of extract dilution.”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors proposed exploiting pepper tree allelopathy for weed management.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Interactor
- weede0weed
- Outcome
- weed management in agriculturee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the pepper tree posses allelopathic characteristics that may be explored for weed management in agriculture.”
t0“Wheat”
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See all 140 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.