Abstract
The endophytic actinobacterial population in the roots of wheat grown in three different soils obtained from the southeast part of South Australia was investigated by terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP) analysis of the amplified 16S rRNA genes. A new, validated approach was applied to the T-RFLP analysis in order to estimate, to the genus level, the actinobacterial population that was identified. Actinobacterium-biased primers were used together with three restriction enzymes to obtain terminal restriction fragments (TRFs). The TRFs were matched to bacterial genera by the T-RFLP Analysis Program, and the data were analyzed to validate and semiquantify the genera present within the plant roots. The highest diversity and level of endophytic colonization were found in the roots of wheat grown in a dark loam from Swedes Flat, and the lowest were found in water-repellent sand from Western Flat. This molecular approach detected a greater diversity of actinobacteria than did previous culture-dependent methods, with the predominant genera being Mycobacterium (21.02%) in Swedes Flat, Streptomyces (14.35%) in Red Loam, and Kitasatospora (15.02%) in Western Flat. This study indicates that the soil that supported a higher number of indigenous organisms resulted in wheat roots with higher actinobacterial diversity and levels of colonization within the plant tissue. Sequencing of 16S rRNA clones, obtained using the same actinobacterium-biased PCR primers that were used in the T-RFLP analysis, confirmed the presence of the actinobacterial diversity and identified a number of Mycobacterium and Streptomyces species.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
Wheat roots in dark loam from Swedes Flat had the greatest endophyte diversity and colonization.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivume0 - Organ / stage
- rootse0
- Outcome
- diversity and level of endophytic colonizatione0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Setting
- Swedes Flate0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The highest diversity and level of endophytic colonization were found in the roots of wheat grown in a dark loam from Swedes Flat”
Claim · model-written summary
Wheat roots in water-repellent sand from Western Flat had the lowest endophyte diversity and colonization.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- the loweste0
- Setting
- Western Flate0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the lowest were found in water-repellent sand from Western Flat”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
T-RFLP detected more actinobacterial diversity than prior culture methods.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- diversity of actinobacteriae0
- Direction
- greatere0
- Comparator
- previous culture-dependent methodse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“This molecular approach detected a greater diversity of actinobacteria than did previous culture-dependent methods”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Mycobacterium was predominant at Swedes Flat at 21.02%.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Interactor
- Mycobacterium
Mycobacteriume0symbiont - Outcome
- predominant generae0
- Value
- 21.02%e0
- Setting
- Swedes Flate0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the predominant genera being Mycobacterium (21.02%) in Swedes Flat”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Streptomyces was predominant in Red Loam at 14.35%.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Interactor
- Streptomyces
Streptomycese0symbiont - Outcome
- Streptomycese0
- Value
- 14.35%e0
- Setting
- Red Loame0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Streptomyces (14.35%) in Red Loam”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Kitasatospora was predominant in Western Flat at 15.02%.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Interactor
- Kitasatospora
.jpg?width=60)
Kitasatosporae0symbiont - Outcome
- Kitasatosporae0
- Value
- 15.02%e0
- Setting
- Western Flate0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“Kitasatospora (15.02%) in Western Flat”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Soils with more indigenous organisms supported wheat roots with greater actinobacterial diversity and colonization.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Outcome
- actinobacterial diversity and levels of colonizatione0
- Direction
- highere0
- Setting
- soile0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“soil that supported a higher number of indigenous organisms resulted in wheat roots with higher actinobacterial diversity and levels of colonization within the plant tissue”
Claim · model-written summary
16S clone sequencing confirmed actinobacterial diversity and identified Mycobacterium and Streptomyces species.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- presence of the actinobacterial diversitye0
- Comparator
- T-RFLP analysise0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Sequencing of 16S rRNA clones, obtained using the same actinobacterium-biased PCR primers that were used in the T-RFLP analysis, confirmed the presence of the actinobacterial diversity and identified a number of Mycobacterium and Streptomyces species”
t0“Wheat”