Abstract
Field experiments were conducted at 18 sites over 4 years in the eastern and north-eastern wheatbelt of Western Australia where average annual rainfall is <400mm, to investigate suitable techniques for the production of high protein (>13%) wheat in an area that traditionally produces grain of a much lower average protein percentage. Wilgoyne yielded as well as, or better than, any of the cultivars accepted into the Special Hard (SH) grade in Western Australia but 5-10% less than cultivars suitable for the Australian Standard White (ASW) grade. Differences between cultivars were greatest at the optimum sowing time in late May. Lower yields in early May were attributed to water stress during early growth or to frost damage during grain filling. The addition of nitrogen (N) fertiliser to crops sown after 1 June was less effective in increasing grain yield and grain protein than N added to earlier sowings. Most crops that produced >13% protein followed medic or field peas. The addition of N fertiliser was seldom required to produce this concentration of protein in crops that followed medic or peas. Crops following pasture with a low legume content or wheat had lower grain protein concentrations. Friable red-brown earth soils in a medic or pea rotation were able to achieve the required grain protein, but other combinations were not extensively tested. From these experiments, cultivars with inherently small grains due to their propensity to produce high levels of small grain screenings (whole grain through a 2-mm, slotted sieve) may be less able to increase yields economically by increasing kernel numbers per unit area under conditions in Western Australia.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Wilgoyne yielded at least as well as Special Hard cultivars.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivumt0 - Material
- Wilgoynee0
- Outcome
- yielded as well as, or better thane0
- Comparator
- cultivars accepted into the Special Hard (SH) gradee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Wilgoyne yielded as well as, or better than, any of the cultivars accepted into the Special Hard (SH) grade in Western Australia”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Wilgoyne yielded 5–10% less than ASW cultivars.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Material
- Wilgoynee1
- Outcome
- 5-10% lesse0
- Value
- 5-10%e0
- Comparator
- cultivars suitable for the Australian Standard White (ASW) gradee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“but 5-10% less than cultivars suitable for the Australian Standard White (ASW) grade.”
t0“wheat”
e1“Wilgoyne yielded as well as, or better than, any of the cultivars accepted into the Special Hard (SH) grade in Western Australia”
Claim · model-written summary
Cultivar differences were greatest at late May sowing.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- late Maye0
- Outcome
- Differences between cultivarse0
- Direction
- greateste0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Differences between cultivars were greatest at the optimum sowing time in late May.”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Early May sowing produced lower yields.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- early Maye0
- Outcome
- yieldse0
- Direction
- Lowere0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Lower yields in early May were attributed to water stress during early growth or to frost damage during grain filling.”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen added after June 1 was less effective for grain yield than earlier application.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- nitrogen (N) fertiliser to crops sown after 1 Junee0
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Direction
- less effective in increasinge0
- Comparator
- N added to earlier sowingse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The addition of nitrogen (N) fertiliser to crops sown after 1 June was less effective in increasing grain yield and grain protein than N added to earlier sowings.”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen added after June 1 was less effective for grain protein than earlier application.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- nitrogen (N) fertiliser to crops sown after 1 Junee0
- Outcome
- grain proteine0
- Direction
- less effective in increasinge0
- Comparator
- N added to earlier sowingse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The addition of nitrogen (N) fertiliser to crops sown after 1 June was less effective in increasing grain yield and grain protein than N added to earlier sowings.”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Most crops exceeding 13% protein followed medic or field peas.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- medic or field pease0
- Outcome
- >13% proteine0
- Value
- >13%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Most crops that produced >13% protein followed medic or field peas.”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen was seldom required to reach that protein concentration after medic or peas.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- N fertilisere0
- Outcome
- this concentration of proteine0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The addition of N fertiliser was seldom required to produce this concentration of protein in crops that followed medic or peas.”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Crops after low legume pasture or wheat had lower grain protein.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- pasture with a low legume content or wheate0
- Outcome
- grain protein concentrationse0
- Direction
- lowere0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Crops following pasture with a low legume content or wheat had lower grain protein concentrations.”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Friable red brown soils with medic or pea rotation reached the protein target.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- medic or pea rotatione0
- Outcome
- required grain proteine0
- Setting
- Friable red-brown earth soilse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Friable red-brown earth soils in a medic or pea rotation were able to achieve the required grain protein”
t0“wheat”