Abstract
Summary Here, cell and wall modifications in resistant (cv. I ) and susceptible (cv. II ) carnation inoculated with Fusarium oxysporum are characterized. Samples, of various days after inoculation (dai), were double‐fixed and gold‐complexed probes used for cellulose, pectin, chitin. In cv. I , mature paratracheal cells contained appositions mostly bound by a cellulose layer over the densely opaque native walls. Middle lamellae of younger cells, many hyperplastic and much distorted, were obliterated, and appositions displayed a mingling of cellulose‐labelled and ‐unlabelled components; adjoining cells contained inner suberin layers. Cell wall modifications in cv. II were limited, but early pathogen invasion was restricted to middle lamellae despite pronounced host cell content alterations. In both cvs, microfilaments linked to often small, thin‐walled fungal cells in vessels and in turn to coating on their walls, extended into adjoining cells, seemingly associated in cv. I with cell reactions, and in cv. II excreted as bodies into vacuoles. The present results highlight that extensive cell reactions and wall modifications, including suberin deposition in hyperplastic tissue, are the main initial factors of defence conducive to final pathogen confinement.
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Claims 6
Claim · model-written summary
Mature paratracheal cells of resistant carnation contained wall appositions mostly bound by cellulose.
- Taxon
- carnation
Dianthus caryophyllust0 - Material
- cv. Ie0
- Organ / stage
- mature paratracheal cellse0
- Interactor
- Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. dianthi
Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. dianthit1pathogen - Outcome
- appositions mostly bound by a cellulose layere0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In cv. I , mature paratracheal cells contained appositions mostly bound by a cellulose layer over the densely opaque native walls.”
t0“carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus)”
t1“Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. dianthi”
Claim · model-written summary
In resistant carnation, younger cell middle lamellae were obliterated and appositions combined cellulose labeled and unlabeled components.
- Taxon
- carnationDianthus caryophyllust0
- Interactor
- Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. dianthiFusarium oxysporum f. sp. dianthit1pathogen
- Outcome
- Middle lamellae of younger cells, many hyperplastic and much distorted, were obliterated, and appositions displayed a mingling of cellulose‐labelled and ‐unlabelled componentse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Middle lamellae of younger cells, many hyperplastic and much distorted, were obliterated, and appositions displayed a mingling of cellulose‐labelled and ‐unlabelled components”
t0“carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus)”
t1“Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. dianthi”
Claim · model-written summary
Cells adjoining resistant carnation cells contained inner suberin layers.
- Taxon
- carnationDianthus caryophyllust0
- Organ / stage
- adjoining cellse0
- Interactor
- Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. dianthiFusarium oxysporum f. sp. dianthit1pathogen
- Outcome
- inner suberin layerse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“adjoining cells contained inner suberin layers”
t0“carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus)”
t1“Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. dianthi”
Claim · model-written summary
Susceptible carnation had limited wall modifications, but early fungal invasion remained in middle lamellae despite marked host cell changes.
- Taxon
- carnationDianthus caryophyllust0
- Material
- cv. IIe0
- Interactor
- Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. dianthiFusarium oxysporum f. sp. dianthit1pathogen
- Outcome
- Cell wall modificationse0
- Direction
- limitede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Cell wall modifications in cv. II were limited, but early pathogen invasion was restricted to middle lamellae despite pronounced host cell content alterations.”
t0“carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus)”
t1“Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. dianthi”
Claim · model-written summary
Both carnation cultivars showed microfilaments linked to fungal cells and vessel-wall coatings, extending into adjacent cells.
- Taxon
- carnationDianthus caryophyllust0
- Interactor
- Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. dianthiFusarium oxysporum f. sp. dianthit1pathogen
- Outcome
- microfilaments linked to often small, thin‐walled fungal cellse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In both cvs, microfilaments linked to often small, thin‐walled fungal cells in vessels and in turn to coating on their walls, extended into adjoining cells”
t0“carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus)”
t1“Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. dianthi”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors infer that extensive cell and wall reactions, including suberin deposition, initially defend resistant carnation and help confine the pathogen.
- Taxon
- carnationDianthus caryophyllust0
- Interactor
- Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. dianthiFusarium oxysporum f. sp. dianthit1pathogen
- Outcome
- final pathogen confinemente0
- Qualifier
- extensive cell reactions and wall modifications, including suberin deposition in hyperplastic tissuee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“extensive cell reactions and wall modifications, including suberin deposition in hyperplastic tissue, are the main initial factors of defence conducive to final pathogen confinement”
t0“carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus)”
t1“Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. dianthi”