Abstract
The oomycete pathogen Phytophthora infestans causes potato late blight, one of the most economically damaging plant diseases worldwide. P. infestans produces AVR3a, an essential modular virulence effector with an N-terminal RXLR domain that is required for host-cell entry. In host cells, AVR3a stabilizes and inhibits the function of the E3 ubiquitin ligase CMPG1, a key factor in host immune responses including cell death triggered by the pathogen-derived elicitor protein INF1 elicitin. To elucidate the molecular basis of AVR3a effector function, we determined the structure of Phytophthora capsici AVR3a4, a close homolog of P. infestans AVR3a. Our structural and functional analyses reveal that the effector domain of AVR3a contains a conserved, positively charged patch and that this region, rather than the RXLR domain, is required for binding to phosphatidylinositol monophosphates (PIPs) in vitro. Mutations affecting PIP binding do not abolish AVR3a recognition by the resistance protein R3a but reduce its ability to suppress INF1-triggered cell death in planta. Similarly, stabilization of CMPG1 in planta is diminished by these mutations. The steady-state levels of non-PIP-binding mutant proteins in planta are reduced greatly, although these proteins are stable in vitro. Furthermore, overexpression of a phosphatidylinositol phosphate 5-kinase results in reduction of AVR3a levels in planta. Our results suggest that the PIP-binding ability of the AVR3a effector domain is essential for its accumulation inside host cells to suppress CMPG1-dependent immunity.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
Mutations affecting PIP binding in the AVR3a effector reduce its ability to suppress INF1-triggered cell death in potato.
- Taxon
- potato
Solanum tuberosume0 - Treatment
- Mutations affecting PIP bindinge1
- Interactor
- Phytophthora infestans
Phytophthora infestanse0pathogen - Gene
- AVR3ae1
- Outcome
- ability to suppress INF1-triggered cell deathe1
- Direction
- reducee1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The oomycete pathogen Phytophthora infestans causes potato late blight”
e1“Mutations affecting PIP binding do not abolish AVR3a recognition by the resistance protein R3a but reduce its ability to suppress INF1-triggered cell death in planta”
Claim · model-written summary
Mutations affecting PIP binding do not abolish AVR3a recognition by the resistance protein R3a.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosume0
- Treatment
- Mutations affecting PIP bindinge1
- Gene
- R3ae1
- Outcome
- AVR3a recognition by the resistance protein R3ae1
- Direction
- do not abolishe1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The oomycete pathogen Phytophthora infestans causes potato late blight”
e1“Mutations affecting PIP binding do not abolish AVR3a recognition by the resistance protein R3a but reduce its ability to suppress INF1-triggered cell death in planta”
Claim · model-written summary
Mutations affecting PIP binding diminish stabilization of CMPG1 in planta.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosume0
- Treatment
- these mutationse2
- Gene
- CMPG1e2
- Outcome
- stabilization of CMPG1 in plantae2
- Direction
- diminishede2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The oomycete pathogen Phytophthora infestans causes potato late blight”
e2“stabilization of CMPG1 in planta is diminished by these mutations”
Claim · model-written summary
Non-PIP-binding mutant AVR3a proteins have reduced steady-state levels in planta although they are stable in vitro.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosume0
- Treatment
- non-PIP-binding mutant proteinse3
- Outcome
- steady-state levelse3
- Direction
- reducede3
- Qualifier
- although these proteins are stable in vitroe3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The oomycete pathogen Phytophthora infestans causes potato late blight”
e3“The steady-state levels of non-PIP-binding mutant proteins in planta are reduced greatly, although these proteins are stable in vitro”
Claim · model-written summary
Overexpression of a phosphatidylinositol phosphate 5-kinase reduces AVR3a levels in planta.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosume0
- Treatment
- overexpression of a phosphatidylinositol phosphate 5-kinasee4
- Gene
- AVR3ae4
- Outcome
- AVR3a levelse4
- Direction
- reductione4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The oomycete pathogen Phytophthora infestans causes potato late blight”
e4“overexpression of a phosphatidylinositol phosphate 5-kinase results in reduction of AVR3a levels in planta”
Claim · model-written summary
PIP-binding ability of AVR3a is proposed to be essential for its accumulation inside potato host cells and suppression of CMPG1-dependent immunity.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosume0
- Gene
- AVR3ae5
- Outcome
- accumulation inside host cellse5
- Qualifier
- to suppress CMPG1-dependent immunitye5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The oomycete pathogen Phytophthora infestans causes potato late blight”
e5“the PIP-binding ability of the AVR3a effector domain is essential for its accumulation inside host cells to suppress CMPG1-dependent immunity”
Claim · model-written summary
The AVR3a effector domain contains a conserved, positively charged patch.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosume0
- Gene
- AVR3ae6
- Outcome
- positively charged patche6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The oomycete pathogen Phytophthora infestans causes potato late blight”
e6“the effector domain of AVR3a contains a conserved, positively charged patch”
Claim · model-written summary
The AVR3a effector domain region, rather than the RXLR domain, is required for binding to phosphatidylinositol monophosphates in vitro.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosume0
- Compound
- phosphatidylinositol monophosphates (PIPs)e7
- Outcome
- binding to phosphatidylinositol monophosphates (PIPs) in vitroe7
- Comparator
- RXLR domaine7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The oomycete pathogen Phytophthora infestans causes potato late blight”
e7“this region, rather than the RXLR domain, is required for binding to phosphatidylinositol monophosphates (PIPs) in vitro”
The same questions in other papers
loss of function · disease · Solanum tuberosum (potato)Positive and negative results
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