Abstract
The commercially valuable root hemiparasite Santalum spicatum (R.Br.) A.DC. (sandalwood) once grew throughout the medium- to low-rainfall areas of the south-western agricultural region of Australia; however, this resource has been exhausted by over-exploitation and clearing for agriculture. There has been growing interest from the farming community and other investors in the development of a plantation Santalum spicatum industry in southern Western Australia. This study investigated the distribution of remnant S. spicatum within the Pallinup River catchment and assessed the risk of S. spicatum population decline due to salinity. The natural range of host species at different sites (river catchments) across the south coast was also investigated. Remnant populations of S. spicatum within and adjacent to the Pallinup River catchment were small (1–70 trees) and highly fragmented. The risk of further population decline due to salinity was concluded to be small because remnant trees were generally growing in well drained, sandy soils that were elevated above (median 9 m) their immediate drainage line. Across the seven river catchments surveyed, S. spicatum occurred in a range of vegetation associations and parasitised numerous species (68) from a wide range of genera and families. The suite of species exploited varied within and between catchments. Thirty species, including most monocots and Myrtaceae, were not successfully parasitised. Remnant S. spicatum always occurred on well drained soil types that supported open-woodland or mallee–heath communities. Sandalwood plantations, supported by numerous individuals of a range of host species (10–40 species), were shown to be productive in terms of sandalwood growth. The scale of the developing sandalwood plantation industry is likely to be small and unlikely to cover large areas of catchments. Thus, this industry alone is unlikely to address the salinity crisis through broadscale recharge management. However, additional to on-site recharge reduction, biodiverse host plantations may improve the prospects for biodiversity and rivers in salinising landscapes through the protection and enhancement of natural biodiversity, creation of new habitat, conservation of plant species and by providing a commercial incentive to protect biodiversity.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Remnant Santalum spicatum populations in the Pallinup River catchment were small, 1–70 trees, and highly fragmented.
- Taxon
- Santalum spicatum
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Santalum spicatumt0 - Outcome
- Remnant populationse1
- Value
- 1–70 treese1
- Qualifier
- highly fragmentede1
- Setting
- Pallinup River catchmente1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
t0“Natural diversity of Santalum spicatum host species in south-coast river systems and their incorporation into profitable and biodiverse revegetation”
e1“Remnant populations of S. spicatum within and adjacent to the Pallinup River catchment were small (1–70 trees) and highly fragmented”
Claim · model-written summary
The risk of further population decline due to salinity is small.
- Taxon
- Santalum spicatumSantalum spicatumt0
- Outcome
- risk of further population decline due to salinitye2
- Qualifier
- well drained, sandy soilse2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Natural diversity of Santalum spicatum host species in south-coast river systems and their incorporation into profitable and biodiverse revegetation”
e2“The risk of further population decline due to salinity was concluded to be small because remnant trees were generally growing in well drained, sandy soils”
Claim · model-written summary
Remnant trees were generally growing on well drained sandy soils about 9 m above their drainage line.
- Taxon
- Santalum spicatumSantalum spicatumt0
- Outcome
- remnant trees were generally growinge3
- Value
- median 9 me3
- Qualifier
- well drained, sandy soilse3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Natural diversity of Santalum spicatum host species in south-coast river systems and their incorporation into profitable and biodiverse revegetation”
e3“remnant trees were generally growing in well drained, sandy soils that were elevated above (median 9 m) their immediate drainage line”
Claim · model-written summary
Santalum spicatum parasitised 68 species from a wide range of genera and families.
- Taxon
- Santalum spicatumSantalum spicatumt0
- Interactor
- numerous speciese4host
- Outcome
- parasitisede4
- Value
- 68e4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Natural diversity of Santalum spicatum host species in south-coast river systems and their incorporation into profitable and biodiverse revegetation”
e4“S. spicatum occurred in a range of vegetation associations and parasitised numerous species (68) from a wide range of genera and families”
Claim · model-written summary
The suite of host species S. spicatum exploited varied within and between river catchments.
- Taxon
- Santalum spicatumSantalum spicatumt0
- Interactor
- suite of speciese5host
- Outcome
- suite of species exploitede5
- Qualifier
- varied within and between catchmentse5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Natural diversity of Santalum spicatum host species in south-coast river systems and their incorporation into profitable and biodiverse revegetation”
e5“The suite of species exploited varied within and between catchments”
Claim · model-written summary
Thirty species, including most monocots and Myrtaceae, were not successfully parasitised by S. spicatum.
- Taxon
- Santalum spicatumSantalum spicatumt0
- Interactor
- monocots and MyrtaceaeMyrtaceaeLiliopsidae6host
- Outcome
- successfully parasitisede6
- Value
- Thirty speciese6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Natural diversity of Santalum spicatum host species in south-coast river systems and their incorporation into profitable and biodiverse revegetation”
e6“Thirty species, including most monocots and Myrtaceae, were not successfully parasitised”
Claim · model-written summary
Remnant S. spicatum always occurred on well drained soil types supporting open-woodland or mallee–heath communities.
- Taxon
- Santalum spicatumSantalum spicatumt0
- Outcome
- Remnant S. spicatum always occurrede7
- Qualifier
- on well drained soil typese7
- Setting
- open-woodland or mallee–heath communitiese7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Natural diversity of Santalum spicatum host species in south-coast river systems and their incorporation into profitable and biodiverse revegetation”
e7“Remnant S. spicatum always occurred on well drained soil types that supported open-woodland or mallee–heath communities”
Claim · model-written summary
Sandalwood plantations with 10–40 host species were productive in terms of sandalwood growth.
- Taxon
- Santalum spicatumSantalum spicatumt0
- Interactor
- a range of host speciese7host
- Outcome
- productive in terms of sandalwood growthe7
- Value
- 10–40 speciese7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Natural diversity of Santalum spicatum host species in south-coast river systems and their incorporation into profitable and biodiverse revegetation”
e7“Sandalwood plantations, supported by numerous individuals of a range of host species (10–40 species), were shown to be productive in terms of sandalwood growth”
Claim · model-written summary
The scale of the developing sandalwood plantation industry is likely to be small.
- Taxon
- Santalum spicatumSantalum spicatumt0
- Outcome
- scale of the developing sandalwood plantation industrye7
- Qualifier
- likely to be smalle7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Natural diversity of Santalum spicatum host species in south-coast river systems and their incorporation into profitable and biodiverse revegetation”
e7“The scale of the developing sandalwood plantation industry is likely to be small and unlikely to cover large areas of catchments”
Claim · model-written summary
The sandalwood industry alone is unlikely to address the salinity crisis through broadscale recharge management.
- Taxon
- Santalum spicatumSantalum spicatumt0
- Outcome
- address the salinity crisise7
- Qualifier
- through broadscale recharge managemente7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Natural diversity of Santalum spicatum host species in south-coast river systems and their incorporation into profitable and biodiverse revegetation”
e7“Thus, this industry alone is unlikely to address the salinity crisis through broadscale recharge management”
Claim · model-written summary
Biodiverse host plantations may improve the prospects for biodiversity and rivers in salinising landscapes.
- Taxon
- Santalum spicatumSantalum spicatumt0
- Treatment
- biodiverse host plantationse7
- Outcome
- prospects for biodiversity and riverse7
- Direction
- improvee7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Natural diversity of Santalum spicatum host species in south-coast river systems and their incorporation into profitable and biodiverse revegetation”
e7“biodiverse host plantations may improve the prospects for biodiversity and rivers in salinising landscapes”