Abstract
Field studies were conducted during the 2008 - 2009 cropping season to determine the minimal insecticide application which can reduce cowpea yield losses on the field due to insect pest infestations in the Transkei region of South Africa. Treatments consisted of five cowpea varieties and four regimes of insecticide spray which were laid out with a split-plot experimental design with four replications. Observations were taken on the incidence of major insect pests, cowpea pod and seed damage by insects as well as growth and yield parameters of the cowpea varieties. Results showed that spray regimes had significant effects on insect population counts, pod and seed damage and consequently on cowpea yield parameters. Application of insecticide once each at flower budding and early podding significantly reduced pod borers and pod-sucking bugs infestations by 44 and 56%, respectively, compared to the untreated control. Application of insecticide, once at flower budding, early podding and pod filling significantly reduced pod and seed damage, resulting in substantial increase in number of pods, pod weight and seed weight per plant, and also number of seeds per pod of cowpea compared to the untreated control. This study provides information on the incidence of major insect pests of cowpea as well as the minimum insecticide control intervention necessary for effectively reducing cowpea yield losses on the field. Two insecticide spray regimes (once at flowering and podding) significantly reduced insect population and damage of cowpea. Key words: Cowpea, insecticide spray, insect pests, yield
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Claims 7
Claim · model-written summary
Spray regimes significantly affected pest population counts.
- Taxon
- cowpea
Vigna unguiculatat0 - Treatment
- spray regimese0
- Outcome
- insect population countse0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“spray regimes had significant effects on insect population counts, pod and seed damage and consequently on cowpea yield parameters.”
t0“cowpea”
Claim · model-written summary
Spray regimes significantly affected cowpea pod and seed damage.
- Taxon
- cowpeaVigna unguiculatat0
- Treatment
- spray regimese0
- Outcome
- pod and seed damagee0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“spray regimes had significant effects on insect population counts, pod and seed damage and consequently on cowpea yield parameters.”
t0“cowpea”
Claim · model-written summary
Spray regimes significantly affected cowpea yield parameters.
- Taxon
- cowpeaVigna unguiculatae0
- Treatment
- spray regimese0
- Outcome
- yield parameterse0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“spray regimes had significant effects on insect population counts, pod and seed damage and consequently on cowpea yield parameters.”
Claim · model-written summary
Spraying at flower budding and early podding reduced pod borer infestation by 44%.
- Taxon
- cowpeaVigna unguiculatat0
- Treatment
- Application of insecticide once each at flower budding and early poddinge0
- Outcome
- pod borerse0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 44e0
- Comparator
- untreated controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Application of insecticide once each at flower budding and early podding significantly reduced pod borers and pod-sucking bugs infestations by 44 and 56%, respectively, compared to the untreated control.”
t0“cowpea”
Claim · model-written summary
Spraying at flower budding and early podding reduced pod sucking bug infestation by 56%.
- Taxon
- cowpeaVigna unguiculatat0
- Treatment
- Application of insecticide once each at flower budding and early poddinge0
- Outcome
- pod-sucking bugs infestationse0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 56%e0
- Comparator
- untreated controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Application of insecticide once each at flower budding and early podding significantly reduced pod borers and pod-sucking bugs infestations by 44 and 56%, respectively, compared to the untreated control.”
t0“cowpea”
Claim · model-written summary
Three insecticide applications reduced cowpea pod and seed damage.
- Taxon
- cowpeaVigna unguiculatat0
- Treatment
- Application of insecticide, once at flower budding, early podding and pod fillinge0
- Outcome
- pod and seed damagee0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Application of insecticide, once at flower budding, early podding and pod filling significantly reduced pod and seed damage”
t0“cowpea”
Claim · model-written summary
Three insecticide applications increased pods, pod weight, seed weight and seeds per pod compared with untreated cowpea.
- Taxon
- cowpeaVigna unguiculatae0
- Treatment
- insecticide spray applicationt0
- Outcome
- number of pods, pod weight and seed weight per plant, and also number of seeds per pode0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Comparator
- untreated controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“resulting in substantial increase in number of pods, pod weight and seed weight per plant, and also number of seeds per pod of cowpea compared to the untreated control.”
t0“insecticide spray application”
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