Abstract
Alfalfa-Siberian wild rye intercropping is the predominant cropping system used to produce forage in China. In this study, the effects of intercropping and intercropping-rhizobial inoculation on soil enzyme activities, microbial biomass and bacterial community composition in the rhizosphere were examined. In both treatments, the yield of alfalfa, microbial biomass and activities of soil urease, invertase and alkaline phosphatase in the alfalfa rhizosphere were markedly increased, whereas there was a slight increase in the yield of Siberian wild rye, few impacts on soil microbial biomass, and decreased enzyme activities (except for urease) in the Siberian wild rye rhizosphere. Terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP) of 16S rRNA genes indicated that Alphaproteobacteria, Betaproteobacteria, Gammaproteobacteria, Deltaproteobacteria, Firmicutes, Actinobacteria and Bacteroidetes were the major bacterial groups in the rhizosphere of both plants. However, intercropping and rhizobial inoculation induced some shifts in the relative abundance of them. Nitrosomonas and Nitrosospira groups were detected in all treatments by the T-RFLP patterns of ammonia monooxygenase subunit A (amoA) gene, but the relative abundance of Nitrosomonas increased and that of Nitrosospira decreased in the intercropping-rhizobial inoculation treatment. Both treatments tended to increase the diversity of amoA. Conclusively, the two treatments clearly affected soil microbial composition and soil enzyme activities, which might be reflected in changes in yield.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Both treatments markedly increased alfalfa yield.
- Taxon
- alfalfa
Medicago sativae0 - Treatment
- intercropping and intercropping plus rhizobial inoculationt0
- Outcome
- yield of alfalfae0
- Direction
- markedly increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In both treatments, the yield of alfalfa, microbial biomass and activities of soil urease, invertase and alkaline phosphatase in the alfalfa rhizosphere were markedly increased”
t0“intercropping and intercropping plus rhizobial inoculation”
Claim · model-written summary
Both treatments increased alfalfa rhizosphere microbial biomass and enzyme activities.
- Taxon
- alfalfaMedicago sativae0
- Treatment
- intercropping and intercropping plus rhizobial inoculationt0
- Outcome
- microbial biomass and activities of soil urease, invertase and alkaline phosphatase in the alfalfa rhizospheree0
- Direction
- markedly increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In both treatments, the yield of alfalfa, microbial biomass and activities of soil urease, invertase and alkaline phosphatase in the alfalfa rhizosphere were markedly increased”
t0“intercropping and intercropping plus rhizobial inoculation”
Claim · model-written summary
Both treatments slightly increased Siberian wild rye yield.
- Taxon
- Siberian wild ryee0
- Treatment
- intercropping and intercropping plus rhizobial inoculationt0
- Outcome
- yield of Siberian wild ryee0
- Direction
- slight increasee0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“there was a slight increase in the yield of Siberian wild rye”
t0“intercropping and intercropping plus rhizobial inoculation”
Claim · model-written summary
Both treatments had few effects on Siberian wild rye rhizosphere microbial biomass.
- Taxon
- Siberian wild ryet0
- Treatment
- intercropping and intercropping plus rhizobial inoculationt1
- Outcome
- soil microbial biomasse0
- Direction
- few impactse0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“few impacts on soil microbial biomass”
t0“Siberian wild rye”
t1“intercropping and intercropping plus rhizobial inoculation”
Claim · model-written summary
Both treatments decreased most Siberian wild rye rhizosphere enzyme activities.
- Taxon
- Siberian wild ryee0
- Treatment
- intercropping and intercropping plus rhizobial inoculationt0
- Outcome
- enzyme activitiese0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Qualifier
- except for ureasee0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“decreased enzyme activities (except for urease) in the Siberian wild rye rhizosphere”
t0“intercropping and intercropping plus rhizobial inoculation”
Claim · model-written summary
Seven bacterial groups predominated in both plant rhizospheres.
- Taxon
- alfalfaMedicago sativat0
- Outcome
- major bacterial groups in the rhizosphere of both plantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Alphaproteobacteria, Betaproteobacteria, Gammaproteobacteria, Deltaproteobacteria, Firmicutes, Actinobacteria and Bacteroidetes were the major bacterial groups in the rhizosphere of both plants”
t0“alfalfa”
Claim · model-written summary
Intercropping and rhizobial inoculation shifted bacterial relative abundances.
- Taxon
- alfalfaMedicago sativat0
- Treatment
- intercropping and rhizobial inoculatione0
- Outcome
- relative abundancee0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“intercropping and rhizobial inoculation induced some shifts in the relative abundance of them”
t0“alfalfa”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrosomonas and Nitrosospira were detected in all treatments.
- Taxon
- alfalfaMedicago sativat0
- Outcome
- Nitrosomonas and Nitrosospira groups were detected in all treatmentse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Nitrosomonas and Nitrosospira groups were detected in all treatments”
t0“alfalfa”
Claim · model-written summary
Intercropping plus inoculation increased Nitrosomonas relative abundance.
- Taxon
- alfalfaMedicago sativat0
- Treatment
- intercropping-rhizobial inoculation treatmente0
- Outcome
- relative abundance of Nitrosomonase0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the relative abundance of Nitrosomonas increased and that of Nitrosospira decreased in the intercropping-rhizobial inoculation treatment”
t0“alfalfa”
Claim · model-written summary
Intercropping plus inoculation decreased Nitrosospira relative abundance.
- Taxon
- alfalfaMedicago sativat0
- Treatment
- intercropping-rhizobial inoculation treatmente0
- Outcome
- that of Nitrosospirae0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the relative abundance of Nitrosomonas increased and that of Nitrosospira decreased in the intercropping-rhizobial inoculation treatment”
t0“alfalfa”
Claim · model-written summary
Both treatments tended to increase amoA diversity.
- Taxon
- alfalfaMedicago sativat0
- Treatment
- intercropping and intercropping plus rhizobial inoculationt1
- Outcome
- diversity of amoAe0
- Direction
- increasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Both treatments tended to increase the diversity of amoA”
t0“alfalfa”
t1“intercropping and intercropping plus rhizobial inoculation”
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Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.