Abstract
A field experiment was conducted in Boone and Callaway counties in Missouri in 2010 and 2011 to investigate herbicide programs for the management of summer annual grass and broadleaf weeds in soybean resistant to 2,4-D and glufosinate. Results revealed that the addition of 0.56, 0.84, or 1.12 kg ha −1 2,4-D (amine) to either or both POST applications of glufosinate in a two-pass POST herbicide program increased control of common waterhemp compared to two POST applications of glufosinate alone. Similar levels of common cocklebur, giant foxtail, large crabgrass, and barnyardgrass control were achieved with any of the two-pass POST programs that contained 2,4-D compared to two-pass POST programs containing glufosinate alone. Similar control of these species was also achieved with the inclusion of 2,4-D in either the first or second pass of glufosinate. Two-pass programs resulted in the highest levels of weed control (90%). Annual grass and broadleaf weed control was as much as 59% lower when one-pass POST herbicide programs were compared to PRE followed by (fb) POST or two-pass POST programs. However, one-pass POST programs were sufficient to obtain exceptional control of common cocklebur and giant foxtail. Across all site years, soybean yields ranged from 2,680 to 3,100 kg ha −1 for all herbicide treatments, but did not differ statistically. Overall, results from these experiments indicate that compared to glufosinate alone, PRE fb POST or two-pass POST herbicide programs that incorporate 2,4-D amine with glufosinate in 2,4-D–resistant soybean enhance control of common waterhemp, while providing similar levels of control of other summer annual grass and broadleaf weeds.
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Claims 7
Claim · model-written summary
Adding 2,4-D to two-pass glufosinate increased common waterhemp control versus glufosinate alone.
- Taxon
- Soybean
Glycine maxt0 - Treatment
- the addition of 0.56, 0.84, or 1.12 kg ha −1 2,4-D (amine)e0
- Interactor
- common waterhempe0weed
- Outcome
- control of common waterhempe0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- two POST applications of glufosinate alonee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the addition of 0.56, 0.84, or 1.12 kg ha −1 2,4-D (amine) to either or both POST applications of glufosinate in a two-pass POST herbicide program increased control of common waterhemp compared to two POST applications of glufosinate alone”
t0“Soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Programs containing 2,4-D achieved similar control of common cocklebur, giant foxtail, and large crabgrass to glufosinate alone.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- two-pass POST programs that contained 2,4-De0
- Outcome
- common cocklebur, giant foxtail, large crabgrass, and barnyardgrass controle0
- Direction
- Similare0
- Comparator
- two-pass POST programs containing glufosinate alonee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Similar levels of common cocklebur, giant foxtail, large crabgrass, and barnyardgrass control were achieved with any of the two-pass POST programs that contained 2,4-D compared to two-pass POST programs containing glufosinate alone”
t0“Soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Adding 2,4-D in either glufosinate pass achieved similar weed control.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- inclusion of 2,4-D in either the first or second pass of glufosinatee0
- Outcome
- control of these speciese0
- Direction
- Similare0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Similar control of these species was also achieved with the inclusion of 2,4-D in either the first or second pass of glufosinate”
t0“Soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Two-pass programs gave the highest weed control, at 90%.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- Two-pass programse0
- Outcome
- weed controle0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 90%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Two-pass programs resulted in the highest levels of weed control (90%)”
t0“Soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
One-pass POST programs had up to 59% lower annual grass and broadleaf control than PRE followed by POST or two-pass POST.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- one-pass POST herbicide programse0
- Outcome
- Annual grass and broadleaf weed controle0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Value
- 59%e0
- Comparator
- PRE followed by (fb) POST or two-pass POST programse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Annual grass and broadleaf weed control was as much as 59% lower when one-pass POST herbicide programs were compared to PRE followed by (fb) POST or two-pass POST programs”
t0“Soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
One-pass POST programs provided exceptional control of common cocklebur and giant foxtail.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- one-pass POST programse0
- Interactor
- common cocklebure0weed
- Outcome
- exceptional control of common cocklebur and giant foxtaile0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“one-pass POST programs were sufficient to obtain exceptional control of common cocklebur and giant foxtail”
t0“Soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Soybean yields ranged from 2,680 to 3,100 kg ha −1 and did not differ statistically among herbicide treatments.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Outcome
- soybean yieldse0
- Direction
- did not differe0
- Value
- 2,680 to 3,100 kg ha −1e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“soybean yields ranged from 2,680 to 3,100 kg ha −1 for all herbicide treatments, but did not differ statistically”
The same questions in other papers
amine · control · Glycine max (soybean)Positive and negative results
1 paper in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- no effect
- positive
2,4-D · control · Glycine max (soybean)Positive and negative results
15 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction · 1 reporting no difference from an alternative
- no effect
- positive
- negative
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See all 18 papers →glufosinate · control · Glycine max (soybean)Positive and negative results
3 papers in the same direction as this paper · 31 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
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See all 35 papers →herbicide · weed · Glycine max (soybean)Positive and negative results
38 papers in the same direction as this paper · 258 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
293 papers more in this group
See all 297 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.