Abstract
Identification of microbes that actively utilize root exudates is essential to understand plant-microbe interactions. To identify active root exudate-utilizing microorganisms associated with switchgrass - a potential bioenergy crop - plants were labelled in situ with (13) CO2 , and 16S and 18S rRNA genes in the (13) C-labelled rhizosphere DNA were pyrosequenced. Multi-pulse labelling for 5 days produced detectable (13) C-DNA, which was well separated from unlabelled DNA. Methylibium from the order Burkholderiales were the most heavily labelled bacteria. Pythium, Auricularia and Galerina were the most heavily labelled eukaryotic microbes. We also identified a Glomus intraradices-like species; Glomus members are arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi that are able to colonize the switchgrass root. All of these heavily labelled microorganisms were also among the most abundant species in the rhizosphere. Species belonging to Methylibium and Pythium were the most heavily labelled and the most abundant bacteria and eukaryotes in the rhizosphere of switchgrass. Our results revealed that nearly all of the dominant rhizosphere bacterial and eukaryotic microbes were able to utilize root exudates. The enrichment of microbial species in the rhizosphere is selective and mostly due to root exudation, which functions as a nutrition source, promoting the growth of these microbes.
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Claims 7
Claim · model-written summary
Five days of multiple pulse labeling yielded distinguishable labeled rhizosphere DNA.
- Taxon
- switchgrass
Panicum virgatume1 - Outcome
- detectable (13) C-DNAe0
- Value
- 5 dayse0
- Comparator
- unlabelled DNAe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Multi-pulse labelling for 5 days produced detectable (13) C-DNA, which was well separated from unlabelled DNA.”
e1“associated with switchgrass - a potential bioenergy crop -”
Claim · model-written summary
Methylibium was the most heavily labeled bacterium in the switchgrass rhizosphere.
- Taxon
- switchgrassPanicum virgatume1
- Interactor
- MethylibiumMethylibiume0other
- Outcome
- most heavily labelled bacteriae0
- Direction
- most heavily labellede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Methylibium from the order Burkholderiales were the most heavily labelled bacteria.”
e1“rhizosphere of switchgrass”
Claim · model-written summary
Pythium, Auricularia and Galerina were the most heavily labeled eukaryotic microbes.
- Taxon
- switchgrassPanicum virgatume1
- Outcome
- most heavily labelled eukaryotic microbese0
- Qualifier
- Auricularia and Galerinae0
.jpg?width=60){kind=small}
PythiumOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“Pythium, Auricularia and Galerina were the most heavily labelled eukaryotic microbes.”
e1“associated with switchgrass - a potential bioenergy crop -”
Claim · model-written summary
A Glomus intraradices-like species was identified in the switchgrass rhizosphere.
- Taxon
- switchgrassPanicum virgatume0
- Interactor
- Glomus intraradices-like speciese0symbiont
- Outcome
- identified a Glomus intraradices-like speciese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“We also identified a Glomus intraradices-like species; Glomus members are arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi that are able to colonize the switchgrass root.”
Claim · model-written summary
Heavily labeled microbes were among the most abundant rhizosphere species.
- Taxon
- switchgrassPanicum virgatume1
- Outcome
- most abundant species in the rhizospheree0
- Setting
- rhizospheree0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“All of these heavily labelled microorganisms were also among the most abundant species in the rhizosphere.”
e1“associated with switchgrass - a potential bioenergy crop -”
Claim · model-written summary
Nearly all dominant switchgrass rhizosphere microbes could use root exudates.
- Taxon
- switchgrassPanicum virgatume1
- Outcome
- able to utilize root exudatese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“nearly all of the dominant rhizosphere bacterial and eukaryotic microbes were able to utilize root exudates”
e1“associated with switchgrass - a potential bioenergy crop -”
Claim · model-written summary
Authors infer that root exudation selectively enriches rhizosphere microbes by supplying nutrition.
- Taxon
- switchgrassPanicum virgatume1
- Outcome
- enrichment of microbial species in the rhizospheree0
- Qualifier
- root exudation, which functions as a nutrition sourcee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The enrichment of microbial species in the rhizosphere is selective and mostly due to root exudation, which functions as a nutrition source, promoting the growth of these microbes.”
e1“associated with switchgrass - a potential bioenergy crop -”