Abstract
Sagitaria trifolia, Alisma plantago-aquatica and Echinochloa spp. are among the most important damaging weeds in paddy fields. In this research, Alternaria pellucida was isolated from the weeds and then its pathogenicity effects was examined on these weeds and five other rice cultivars, including two bred (Sepidroud and Khazar) and three landraces (Ali Kazemi, Hashemi and Binam), in a completely random design with three replications in greenhouse conditions. A. pellucida caused a high disease rating on the weeds compared to rice cultivars. Results revealed that A. pellucida caused high disease ratings in S. trifolia, E. crus-galli, A. plantagoaquatica, and E. oryzicola, respectively. The reaction of weeds to this fungus, in terms of disease rating, was significant while rice cultivars showed no significant reaction. In addition, the fungus caused a significant reduction of height, fresh weight and dry weight of the evaluated weeds, whereas no significant reduction was observed in the dry weight of rice cultivars. Nevertheless, the fresh weight and height of cultivars showed significant reactions. Based on the results of this research, A. pellucida could be introduced as a potential mycoherbicide for controlling these weeds.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Alternaria pellucida caused a high disease rating on the weeds compared with rice cultivars.
Verbatim
e0“A. pellucida caused a high disease rating on the weeds compared to rice cultivars”
Claim · model-written summary
Sagitaria trifolia had the highest disease rating (first in the ranking).
Verbatim
e1“Results revealed that A. pellucida caused high disease ratings in S. trifolia, E. crus-galli, A. plantagoaquatica, and E. oryzicola, respectively”
e0“A. pellucida caused a high disease rating on the weeds compared to rice cultivars”
Claim · model-written summary
Echinochloa crus-galli had the second-highest disease rating.
- Taxon
- E. crus-galli
Echinochloa crus-gallie1 - Interactor
- A. pellucidaAlternaria pellucidae1biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- disease ratingse1
- Direction
- highe1
- Qualifier
- respectivelye1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Results revealed that A. pellucida caused high disease ratings in S. trifolia, E. crus-galli, A. plantagoaquatica, and E. oryzicola, respectively”
e0“A. pellucida caused a high disease rating on the weeds compared to rice cultivars”
Claim · model-written summary
Alisma plantago-aquatica had the third-highest disease rating.
Verbatim
e1“Results revealed that A. pellucida caused high disease ratings in S. trifolia, E. crus-galli, A. plantagoaquatica, and E. oryzicola, respectively”
e0“A. pellucida caused a high disease rating on the weeds compared to rice cultivars”
Claim · model-written summary
Echinochloa oryzicola had the fourth-highest disease rating.
- Taxon
- E. oryzicolaEchinochloa oryzicolae1
- Interactor
- A. pellucidaAlternaria pellucidae1biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- disease ratingse1
- Direction
- highe1
- Qualifier
- respectivelye1
Verbatim
e1“Results revealed that A. pellucida caused high disease ratings in S. trifolia, E. crus-galli, A. plantagoaquatica, and E. oryzicola, respectively”
e0“A. pellucida caused a high disease rating on the weeds compared to rice cultivars”
Claim · model-written summary
Disease rating of the weeds differed significantly under A. pellucida, while rice cultivars showed no significant reaction.
- Taxon
- weedse2
- Interactor
- A. pellucidaAlternaria pellucidae0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- disease ratinge2
Not reportedDirection
Verbatim
e2“The reaction of weeds to this fungus, in terms of disease rating, was significant”
e0“A. pellucida caused a high disease rating on the weeds compared to rice cultivars”
Claim · model-written summary
Rice cultivars showed no significant reaction to A. pellucida in disease rating.
- Taxon
- rice cultivars
Oryza sativae2 - Interactor
- A. pellucidaAlternaria pellucidae0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- reactione2
- Direction
- no_changeinferrede2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“while rice cultivars showed no significant reaction”
e0“A. pellucida caused a high disease rating on the weeds compared to rice cultivars”
Claim · model-written summary
A. pellucida significantly reduced the height, fresh weight and dry weight of the weeds.
- Taxon
- weedse3
- Interactor
- A. pellucidaAlternaria pellucidae0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- height, fresh weight and dry weighte3
- Direction
- reductione3
Verbatim
e3“the fungus caused a significant reduction of height, fresh weight and dry weight of the evaluated weeds”
e0“A. pellucida caused a high disease rating on the weeds compared to rice cultivars”
Claim · model-written summary
A. pellucida did not significantly reduce the dry weight of rice cultivars.
- Taxon
- rice cultivarsOryza sativae4
- Interactor
- A. pellucidaAlternaria pellucidae0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- dry weighte4
- Direction
- no_changeinferrede4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e4“no significant reduction was observed in the dry weight of rice cultivars”
e0“A. pellucida caused a high disease rating on the weeds compared to rice cultivars”
Claim · model-written summary
Fresh weight and height of rice cultivars showed significant reactions to A. pellucida.
- Taxon
- rice cultivarsOryza sativae7
- Interactor
- A. pellucidaAlternaria pellucidae0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- fresh weight and heighte5
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e5“the fresh weight and height of cultivars showed significant reactions”
e7“five other rice cultivars”
e0“A. pellucida caused a high disease rating on the weeds compared to rice cultivars”
Claim · model-written summary
Alternaria pellucida could be introduced as a potential mycoherbicide for controlling the weeds.
- Taxon
- weedse6
- Interactor
- A. pellucidaAlternaria pellucidae6biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- potential mycoherbicidee6
Verbatim
e6“A. pellucida could be introduced as a potential mycoherbicide for controlling these weeds”