Abstract
An experiment was set up in 1998 to study the effect of glyphosate on the weeds and pests in glyphosate-tolerant sugar beet, in comparison with a conventional herbicide regime. Glyphosate at 1.08 kg ha−1 was first applied at the two- to four-leaf, 8- to 10-leaf and 12- to 14-leaf stage of the crop, followed by a second application at the same rate two to four weeks later. Weed growth did not affect sugar beet emergence or establishment, but, in untreated controls and the two later glyphosate treatments, weeds almost completely covered the ground, leading to reduction of root weight, sugar concentration and yield at harvest. The number of aphids (mostly Myzus persicae Sulzer) in the beet in June was significantly higher on plots treated with glyphosate at the two- to four-leaf stage than on untreated plots or plots treated later with glyphosate. Large numbers of the leaf curling plum aphid (Brachycaudus helichrysi Kaltenbach) colonised the weeds within untreated or later-treated plots. These were accompanied by predators and parasites which eventually caused substantial mortality in the aphid populations. There was evidence that glyphosate-treated weeds, although not in competition with the crop, were still able to provide sustenance for aphids. Very low levels of virus yellows were observed in the trial, and there were no significant differences between treatments. The results suggest that the latest application of the first glyphosate spray in a two-spray programme should be before the eight-leaf stage of the sugar beet to prevent weed competition reducing yield. Further studies on late control of weeds and insect diversity are being carried out. © 2000 Society of Chemical Industry
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
Weed growth did not affect sugar beet emergence or establishment.
- Taxon
- sugar beet
Beta vulgaris subsp. vulgarist0 - Treatment
- Weed growthe1
- Outcome
- emergence or establishmente1
- Direction
- did not affecte1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“glyphosate-tolerant sugar beet”
e1“Weed growth did not affect sugar beet emergence or establishment”
Claim · model-written summary
Weeds in untreated and later-glyphosate plots reduced sugar beet root weight, sugar concentration and yield at harvest.
- Taxon
- sugar beetBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarist0
- Treatment
- untreated controls and the two later glyphosate treatmentse2
- Interactor
- weedse2weed
- Outcome
- root weight, sugar concentration and yielde2
- Direction
- reductione2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“glyphosate-tolerant sugar beet”
e2“in untreated controls and the two later glyphosate treatments, weeds almost completely covered the ground, leading to reduction of root weight, sugar concentration and yield at harvest”
Claim · model-written summary
Aphid numbers in June were significantly higher on plots given the first glyphosate spray at the two- to four-leaf stage than on untreated or later-treated plots.
- Taxon
- sugar beetBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarist0
- Treatment
- glyphosate at the two- to four-leaf stagee3
- Interactor
- Myzus persicae Sulzer
Myzus persicaee3pest - Outcome
- number of aphidse3
- Direction
- highere3
- Comparator
- untreated plots or plots treated later with glyphosatee3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“glyphosate-tolerant sugar beet”
e3“The number of aphids (mostly Myzus persicae Sulzer) in the beet in June was significantly higher on plots treated with glyphosate at the two- to four-leaf stage than on untreated plots or plots treated later with glyphosate”
Claim · model-written summary
The leaf curling plum aphid (Brachycaudus helichrysi) colonised weeds in untreated and later-treated plots of sugar beet.
- Taxon
- sugar beetBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarist0
- Interactor
- Brachycaudus helichrysi Kaltenbach
Brachycaudus helichrysie4pest - Outcome
- colonised the weedse4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“glyphosate-tolerant sugar beet”
e4“leaf curling plum aphid (Brachycaudus helichrysi Kaltenbach) colonised the weeds within untreated or later-treated plots”
Claim · model-written summary
Predators and parasites accompanying the aphids caused substantial mortality in the aphid populations.
- Taxon
- sugar beetBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarist0
- Interactor
- aphide5pest
- Second interactor
- predators and parasitese5biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- substantial mortality in the aphid populationse5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“glyphosate-tolerant sugar beet”
e5“These were accompanied by predators and parasites which eventually caused substantial mortality in the aphid populations”
Claim · model-written summary
Virus yellows occurred at very low levels in the sugar beet trial.
- Taxon
- sugar beetBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarist0
- Outcome
- virus yellowse6
- Qualifier
- very low levelse6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“glyphosate-tolerant sugar beet”
e6“Very low levels of virus yellows were observed in the trial”
Claim · model-written summary
Virus yellows did not differ significantly between the herbicide treatments.
- Taxon
- sugar beetBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarist0
- Treatment
- treatmentse7
- Outcome
- virus yellowse6
- Direction
- no significant differencese7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“glyphosate-tolerant sugar beet”
e6“Very low levels of virus yellows were observed in the trial”
e7“there were no significant differences between treatments”
Claim · model-written summary
The latest application of the first glyphosate spray should be before the eight-leaf stage of sugar beet to prevent weed competition reducing yield.
- Taxon
- sugar beetBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarise7
- Organ / stage
- eight-leaf stagee7
- Outcome
- the latest application of the first glyphosate spraye7
- Qualifier
- to prevent weed competition reducing yielde7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e7“The results suggest that the latest application of the first glyphosate spray in a two-spray programme should be before the eight-leaf stage of the sugar beet to prevent weed competition reducing yield”
The same questions in other papers
glyphosate · Myzus persicae · Beta vulgaris (beet)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- negative
glyphosate · quality: sugar starch · Beta vulgaris (beet)Results agree
3 papers in the same direction as this paper
- negative
- negative
- no effect
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.