Abstract
ABSTRACT We evaluated combinations of two strains of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) formulated with the carrier chitosan for the ability to induce growth promotion of tomato plants and resistance to infection by Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV). Each PGPR combination included GB03 (Bacillus subtilis) and one of the following PGPR strains: SE34 (B. pumilus), IN937a (B. amyloliquefaciens), IN937b (B. subtilis), INR7 (B. pumilus), or T4 (B. pumilus). The PGPR combinations formulated with chitosan are referred to as biopreparations. Tomato plants treated with each of the biopreparations appeared phenotypically and developmentally similar to nonbacterized control plants that were 10 days older (referred to as the older control). When plants were challenged with CMV, all plants in the biopreparation treatments and the older control treatment had significantly greater height, fresh weight, and flower and fruit numbers than that of plants in the CMV-inoculated same age control treatment. CMV disease severity ratings were significantly lower for biopreparation-treated and older control tomato plants than for that of same age control plants at 14 and 28 days postinoculation (dpi). CMV accumulation in young noninoculated leaves was significantly less for all biopreparation-treated plants and those in the older control than for the same age control plants at 14 dpi and for four of the five biopreparation treatments at 28 dpi. In those tomato plants shown to be infected, the amount of CMV in noninoculated leaves was significantly lower for three of the biopreparation treatments and the older control treatment at 14 dpi and biopreparation G/INR7 treatment at 28 dpi when compared with the control treatment. These data show that treatment of tomato plants with biopreparations results in significant enhancement of growth and protection against infection by CMV.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Biopreparation-treated tomato plants resembled control plants ten days older in phenotype and development.
- Taxon
- Tomato
Solanum lycopersicumt0 - Treatment
- biopreparationse0
- Outcome
- phenotypically and developmentally similare0
- Value
- 10 dayse0
- Comparator
- nonbacterized control plants that were 10 days oldere0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Tomato plants treated with each of the biopreparations appeared phenotypically and developmentally similar to nonbacterized control plants that were 10 days older”
t0“Tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
After CMV challenge, biopreparation-treated plants had greater height and fresh weight than same-age infected controls.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- biopreparation treatmentse0
- Interactor
- CMV
cucumber mosaic cucumoviruse0pathogen - Outcome
- height, fresh weighte0
- Direction
- greatere0
- Comparator
- CMV-inoculated same age control treatmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“all plants in the biopreparation treatments and the older control treatment had significantly greater height, fresh weight, and flower and fruit numbers than that of plants in the CMV-inoculated same age control treatment”
t0“Tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
After CMV challenge, biopreparation-treated plants had greater flower and fruit numbers than same-age infected controls.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- biopreparation treatmentse0
- Interactor
- CMVcucumber mosaic cucumoviruse0pathogen
- Outcome
- flower and fruit numberse0
- Direction
- greatere0
- Comparator
- CMV-inoculated same age control treatmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“all plants in the biopreparation treatments and the older control treatment had significantly greater height, fresh weight, and flower and fruit numbers than that of plants in the CMV-inoculated same age control treatment”
t0“Tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Older control plants had greater height, fresh weight, flower and fruit numbers than infected same-age controls.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Material
- older control treatmente0
- Interactor
- CMVcucumber mosaic cucumoviruse0pathogen
- Outcome
- height, fresh weight, and flower and fruit numberse0
- Direction
- greatere0
- Comparator
- CMV-inoculated same age control treatmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“all plants in the biopreparation treatments and the older control treatment had significantly greater height, fresh weight, and flower and fruit numbers than that of plants in the CMV-inoculated same age control treatment”
t0“Tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
CMV disease severity was lower in biopreparation-treated plants than same-age controls at 14 and 28 dpi.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- biopreparation-treatede0
- Interactor
- CMVcucumber mosaic cucumoviruse0pathogen
- Outcome
- CMV disease severity ratingse0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Qualifier
- 14 and 28 days postinoculation (dpi)e0
- Comparator
- same age control plantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“CMV disease severity ratings were significantly lower for biopreparation-treated and older control tomato plants than for that of same age control plants at 14 and 28 days postinoculation (dpi)”
Claim · model-written summary
CMV disease severity was lower in older control plants than same-age controls at 14 and 28 dpi.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Material
- older controle0
- Interactor
- CMVcucumber mosaic cucumoviruse0pathogen
- Outcome
- CMV disease severity ratingse0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Qualifier
- 14 and 28 days postinoculation (dpi)e0
- Comparator
- same age control plantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“CMV disease severity ratings were significantly lower for biopreparation-treated and older control tomato plants than for that of same age control plants at 14 and 28 days postinoculation (dpi)”
Claim · model-written summary
CMV accumulation in young noninoculated leaves was lower in all biopreparation treatments at 14 dpi and four of five at 28 dpi.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Organ / stage
- young noninoculated leavese0
- Treatment
- biopreparation-treatede0
- Interactor
- CMVcucumber mosaic cucumoviruse0pathogen
- Outcome
- CMV accumulation in young noninoculated leavese0
- Direction
- lesse0
- Qualifier
- at 14 dpi and for four of the five biopreparation treatments at 28 dpie0
- Comparator
- same age control plantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“CMV accumulation in young noninoculated leaves was significantly less for all biopreparation-treated plants and those in the older control than for the same age control plants at 14 dpi and for four of the five biopreparation treatments at 28 dpi”
t0“Tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
CMV accumulation in young noninoculated leaves was lower in older controls at 14 dpi.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Material
- older controle0
- Interactor
- CMVcucumber mosaic cucumoviruse0pathogen
- Outcome
- CMV accumulation in young noninoculated leavese0
- Direction
- lesse0
- Comparator
- same age control plantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“CMV accumulation in young noninoculated leaves was significantly less for all biopreparation-treated plants and those in the older control than for the same age control plants at 14 dpi”
t0“Tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Among infected plants, CMV amount in noninoculated leaves was lower in three biopreparation treatments at 14 dpi.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- biopreparation treatmentse0
- Interactor
- CMVcucumber mosaic cucumoviruse0pathogen
- Outcome
- amount of CMV in noninoculated leavese0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Qualifier
- three of the biopreparation treatments and the older control treatment at 14 dpie0
- Comparator
- control treatmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the amount of CMV in noninoculated leaves was significantly lower for three of the biopreparation treatments and the older control treatment at 14 dpi and biopreparation G/INR7 treatment at 28 dpi when compared with the control treatment”
t0“Tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Among infected plants, G/INR7 reduced CMV amount in noninoculated leaves at 28 dpi.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- biopreparation G/INR7 treatmente0
- Interactor
- CMVcucumber mosaic cucumoviruse0pathogen
- Outcome
- amount of CMV in noninoculated leavese0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Qualifier
- at 28 dpie0
- Comparator
- control treatmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the amount of CMV in noninoculated leaves was significantly lower for three of the biopreparation treatments and the older control treatment at 14 dpi and biopreparation G/INR7 treatment at 28 dpi when compared with the control treatment”
t0“Tomato”