Abstract
Displacement of pathogenic Fusarium species from cereal residues by other fungi is an important mechanism for the effectiveness of fallows and crop rotations on disease management, as well as in potential biological control. The effect of fluctuating environmental conditions on the rate of displacement was assessed using two different approaches. In the first, wetness durations between 4 and 10 h were simulated by spraying water onto straw inoculated with Fusarium pseudograminearum and antagonists in a greenhouse. For a given cumulative period of wetness, displacement of F. pseudograminearum was generally higher for short (4 h) than longer (10 h) wetting durations, indicating that it was the number of wetting events, rather than their individual durations, that determined the rate of displacement. In the second approach, exponential decay models using thermal time adjusted for rainfall were fitted to published data on survival of Fusarium species in residues. Heat sums calculated from the mean temperature of days on which rain fell, or rainday‐degrees (RDD), gave good fits to data from short‐term experiments on displacement of F. pseudograminearum by antagonists under natural conditions. RDD and two other indices, decomposition days (DCD) and corrected degree‐days (CDD), were equally satisfactory for modelling straw decomposition and mortality of Fusarium in longer term data sets. Such models could be useful for predicting the effects of environmental variation on rotations and biocontrol for Fusarium management in cereals.
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Claims 4
Claim · model-written summary
Displacement of F. pseudograminearum was higher with short wetting durations (4 h) than with longer ones (10 h) for the same cumulative wetness.
Verbatim
t0“from cereal straw”
e1“For a given cumulative period of wetness, displacement of F. pseudograminearum was generally higher for short (4 h) than longer (10 h) wetting durations”
Claim · model-written summary
The number of wetting events, rather than their individual durations, determined the rate of displacement.
Verbatim
t0“from cereal straw”
e2“indicating that it was the number of wetting events, rather than their individual durations, that determined the rate of displacement”
Claim · model-written summary
Rainday-degree heat sums gave good fits to short-term displacement data under natural conditions.
Not reportedDirection
Verbatim
t0“from cereal straw”
e3“gave good fits to data from short‐term experiments on displacement of F. pseudograminearum by antagonists under natural conditions”
Claim · model-written summary
Rainday-degree, decomposition-day and corrected degree-day indices were equally satisfactory for modelling straw decomposition and Fusarium mortality.
Not reportedDirection
Verbatim
t0“from cereal straw”
e4“RDD and two other indices, decomposition days (DCD) and corrected degree‐days (CDD), were equally satisfactory for modelling straw decomposition and mortality of Fusarium in longer term data sets”