Abstract
Summary Eleven mixed populations of J uniperus oxycedrus L. and Juniperus communis L. were inventoried for the presence of parasitic woody species A rceuthobium oxycedri ( DC .) M . Bieb. infections. Both J . oxycedrus and A . oxycedri are rare and distributed in marginal populations in S lovenia. To our knowledge, this is the first detailed research on the host species as well as on the infection and spreading patterns of A . oxycedri in E urope. Assessment of the infection rate was based on the H awksworth six‐class dwarf mistletoe rating system ( DMR ). The dimensions of A . oxycedri specimens were surprisingly large and often exceeded 25 cm in diameter, the largest even measuring up to 40 cm. Six juniper populations of 11 were infected, and the proportion of infected host individuals in these ranged between 29.17 and 82.93%. The proportion of infected J . oxycedrus specimens in infected populations was 76.56%, while this percentage for J . communis was 54.90%, which is surprisingly high for this species. A different pattern of infection was observed for the two hosts. A typical infection on J . communis was more localized. Usually, only a single infection was present and was most common on the trunk in the middle third of the crown and much less common on the branches. In J . oxycedrus , infections were also most common in the middle third, but also frequent in other areas of the trunk as well as on the branches. Mostly, we observed a dotted pattern of infection with uninfected areas in between. We assume that A . oxycedri will continue to slowly spread in Slovenia, primarily in areas where it is already present. However, its control is probably not yet necessary.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Arceuthobium specimens often exceeded 25 cm diameter and reached 40 cm.
JuniperusOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The dimensions of A . oxycedri specimens were surprisingly large and often exceeded 25 cm in diameter, the largest even measuring up to 40 cm.”
t0“Juniperus”
Claim · model-written summary
Six of eleven inventoried juniper populations were infected.
Not reportedDirection
Verbatim
e0“Six juniper populations of 11 were infected, and the proportion of infected host individuals in these ranged between 29.17 and 82.93%.”
t0“of A . oxycedri in E urope”
Claim · model-written summary
Infected juniper populations had 29.17 to 82.93% infected individuals.
Verbatim
e0“Six juniper populations of 11 were infected, and the proportion of infected host individuals in these ranged between 29.17 and 82.93%.”
t0“of A . oxycedri in E urope”
Claim · model-written summary
Infected J. oxycedrus specimens made up 76.56% in infected populations.
- Taxon
- J . oxycedrus
Juniperus oxycedruse0 - Interactor
- A . oxycedrit0parasite
- Outcome
- proportion of infected J . oxycedrus specimense0
- Value
- 76.56%e0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The proportion of infected J . oxycedrus specimens in infected populations was 76.56%”
t0“of A . oxycedri in E urope”
Claim · model-written summary
Infected J. communis specimens made up 54.90%.
- Taxon
- J . communis
Juniperus communise0 - Interactor
- A . oxycedrit0parasite
- Outcome
- percentage for J . communise0
- Direction
- highe0
- Value
- 54.90%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“while this percentage for J . communis was 54.90%, which is surprisingly high for this species.”
t0“of A . oxycedri in E urope”
Claim · model-written summary
Infection in J. communis was generally localized and single, most often on the middle-third trunk.
- Taxon
- J . communisJuniperus communise0
- Organ / stage
- trunke0
- Interactor
- A . oxycedrit0parasite
- Outcome
- single infectione0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A typical infection on J . communis was more localized. Usually, only a single infection was present and was most common on the trunk in the middle third of the crown and much less common on the branches.”
t0“of A . oxycedri in E urope”
Claim · model-written summary
J. oxycedrus infection was common in the middle third and also occurred elsewhere on trunk and branches.
- Taxon
- J . oxycedrusJuniperus oxycedruse0
- Organ / stage
- trunke0
- Interactor
- A . oxycedrit0parasite
- Outcome
- infectionse0
- Direction
- most commone0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In J . oxycedrus , infections were also most common in the middle third, but also frequent in other areas of the trunk as well as on the branches.”
t0“of A . oxycedri in E urope”
Claim · model-written summary
J. oxycedrus infections showed a dotted pattern with uninfected areas.
- Taxon
- J . oxycedrusJuniperus oxycedrust0
- Interactor
- A . oxycedrit1parasite
- Outcome
- dotted pattern of infectione0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Mostly, we observed a dotted pattern of infection with uninfected areas in between.”
t0“In J . oxycedrus , infections”
t1“of A . oxycedri in E urope”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors expect A. oxycedri to spread slowly in existing areas of Slovenia.
Not reportedDirection
Verbatim
e0“We assume that A . oxycedri will continue to slowly spread in Slovenia, primarily in areas where it is already present.”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors judged control of A. oxycedri probably unnecessary yet.
Verbatim
e0“However, its control is probably not yet necessary.”
t0“of A . oxycedri in E urope”