Abstract
The diversity of stem-associated bacteria of non-nodulated (Nod(-)), wild-type nodulated (Nod(+)) and hypernodulated (Nod(++)) soybeans were evaluated by clone library analyses of the 16S ribosomal RNA gene. Soybeans were dressed with standard nitrogen (SN) fertilization (15 kg N ha(-1)) and heavy nitrogen (HN) fertilization (615 kg N ha(-1)). The relative abundance of Alphaproteobacteria in Nod(+) soybeans (66%) was smaller than that in Nod(-) and Nod(++) soybeans (75-76%) under SN fertilization, whereas that of Gammaproteobacteria showed the opposite pattern (23% in Nod(+) and 12-16% in Nod(-) and Nod(++) soybeans). Principal coordinate analysis showed that the bacterial communities of Nod(-) and Nod(++) soybeans were more similar to each other than to that of Nod(+) soybeans under SN fertilization. HN fertilization increased the relative abundance of Gammaproteobacteria in all nodulation phenotypes (33-57%) and caused drastic shifts of the bacterial community. The clustering analyses identified a subset of operational taxonomic units (OTUs) at the species level in Alpha- and Gammaproteobacteria responding to both the nodulation phenotypes and nitrogen fertilization levels. Meanwhile, the abundance of Betaproteobacteria was relatively constant in all libraries constructed under these environmental conditions. The relative abundances of two OTUs in Alphaproteobacteria (Aurantimonas sp. and Methylobacterium sp.) were especially sensitive to nodulation phenotype and were drastically decreased under HN fertilization. These results suggested that a subpopulation of proteobacteria in soybeans is controlled in a similar manner through both the regulation systems of plant-rhizobia symbiosis and the nitrogen signaling pathway in plants.
Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record, shown for indexing and research. Copyright remains with the authors or the publisher. Read at the source ↗
The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Alphaproteobacteria were less abundant in nodulated (Nod(+)) soybeans than in Nod(-) and Nod(++) soybeans under standard nitrogen fertilization.
- Taxon
- soybean
Glycine maxt0 - Material
- Nod(+) soybeanse1
- Treatment
- SN fertilizatione1
- Outcome
- relative abundance of Alphaproteobacteriae1
- Direction
- smallere1
- Value
- 66%e1
- Comparator
- Nod(-) and Nod(++) soybeanse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“soybean stem-associated bacteria”
e1“The relative abundance of Alphaproteobacteria in Nod(+) soybeans (66%) was smaller than that in Nod(-) and Nod(++) soybeans (75-76%) under SN fertilization”
Claim · model-written summary
Gammaproteobacteria were more abundant in Nod(+) soybeans (23%) than in Nod(-) and Nod(++) soybeans (12-16%) under standard nitrogen fertilization.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Material
- Nod(+)e2
- Outcome
- Gammaproteobacteriae2
- Direction
- higherinferrede2
- Value
- 23%e2
- Comparator
- Nod(-) and Nod(++) soybeanse2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“soybean stem-associated bacteria”
e2“whereas that of Gammaproteobacteria showed the opposite pattern (23% in Nod(+) and 12-16% in Nod(-) and Nod(++) soybeans)”
Claim · model-written summary
Heavy nitrogen fertilization increased Gammaproteobacteria in all nodulation phenotypes.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- HN fertilizatione3
- Outcome
- relative abundance of Gammaproteobacteriae3
- Direction
- increasede3
- Value
- 33-57%e3
- Comparator
- standard nitrogen (SN) fertilizatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“soybean stem-associated bacteria”
e0“Soybeans were dressed with standard nitrogen (SN) fertilization (15 kg N ha(-1)) and heavy nitrogen (HN) fertilization (615 kg N ha(-1))”
e3“HN fertilization increased the relative abundance of Gammaproteobacteria in all nodulation phenotypes (33-57%) and caused drastic shifts of the bacterial community”
Claim · model-written summary
Heavy nitrogen fertilization caused drastic shifts of the soybean stem bacterial community.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- HN fertilizatione3
- Outcome
- bacterial communitye3
- Direction
- drastic shiftse3
- Comparator
- standard nitrogen (SN) fertilizatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“soybean stem-associated bacteria”
e0“Soybeans were dressed with standard nitrogen (SN) fertilization (15 kg N ha(-1)) and heavy nitrogen (HN) fertilization (615 kg N ha(-1))”
e3“HN fertilization increased the relative abundance of Gammaproteobacteria in all nodulation phenotypes (33-57%) and caused drastic shifts of the bacterial community”
Claim · model-written summary
Bacterial communities of Nod(-) and Nod(++) soybeans were more similar to each other than to Nod(+) soybeans under standard nitrogen fertilization.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Material
- Nod(-) and Nod(++) soybeanse4
- Treatment
- SN fertilizatione4
- Outcome
- bacterial communitiese4
- Direction
- more similare4
- Comparator
- Nod(+) soybeanse4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“soybean stem-associated bacteria”
e4“Principal coordinate analysis showed that the bacterial communities of Nod(-) and Nod(++) soybeans were more similar to each other than to that of Nod(+) soybeans under SN fertilization”
Claim · model-written summary
Clustering identified a subset of OTUs at the species level in Alpha- and Gammaproteobacteria responding to both nodulation phenotype and nitrogen level.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Outcome
- a subset of operational taxonomic units (OTUs) at the species levele5
- Qualifier
- responding to both the nodulation phenotypes and nitrogen fertilization levelse5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“soybean stem-associated bacteria”
e5“The clustering analyses identified a subset of operational taxonomic units (OTUs) at the species level in Alpha- and Gammaproteobacteria responding to both the nodulation phenotypes and nitrogen fertilization levels”
Claim · model-written summary
Betaproteobacteria abundance was relatively constant across all libraries.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Outcome
- abundance of Betaproteobacteriae6
- Direction
- relatively constante6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“soybean stem-associated bacteria”
e6“the abundance of Betaproteobacteria was relatively constant in all libraries constructed under these environmental conditions”
Claim · model-written summary
Two Alphaproteobacteria OTUs (Aurantimonas sp. and Methylobacterium sp.) were drastically decreased under heavy nitrogen fertilization.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- HN fertilizatione7
- Interactor
- Aurantimonas sp.Aurantimonase7other
- Second interactor
- Methylobacterium sp.Methylobacteriume7other
- Outcome
- relative abundances of two OTUs in Alphaproteobacteriae7
- Direction
- drastically decreasede7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“soybean stem-associated bacteria”
e7“The relative abundances of two OTUs in Alphaproteobacteria (Aurantimonas sp. and Methylobacterium sp.) were especially sensitive to nodulation phenotype and were drastically decreased under HN fertilization”
Claim · model-written summary
The two Alphaproteobacteria OTUs were especially sensitive to nodulation phenotype.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Interactor
- Aurantimonas sp.Aurantimonase7other
- Second interactor
- Methylobacterium sp.Methylobacteriume7other
- Outcome
- relative abundances of two OTUs in Alphaproteobacteriae7
- Qualifier
- especially sensitive to nodulation phenotypee7
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“soybean stem-associated bacteria”
e7“The relative abundances of two OTUs in Alphaproteobacteria (Aurantimonas sp. and Methylobacterium sp.) were especially sensitive to nodulation phenotype and were drastically decreased under HN fertilization”
Claim · model-written summary
A subpopulation of soybean proteobacteria is likely controlled both by plant-rhizobia symbiosis regulation and by the nitrogen signalling pathway.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Outcome
- a subpopulation of proteobacteriae1
- Qualifier
- regulation systems of plant-rhizobia symbiosis and the nitrogen signaling pathwaye1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“soybean stem-associated bacteria”
e1“These results suggested that a subpopulation of proteobacteria in soybeans is controlled in a similar manner through both the regulation systems of plant-rhizobia symbiosis and the nitrogen signaling pathway in plants”