Abstract
Vegetation monitoring transects established in calcareous glade habitats in 1993 at Chickamauga and Chattanooga National Military Park were resampled in 2006 and 2008. Data showed an increase in woody cover and a correlated decrease in density of herbaceous plants characteristic of this habitat. The average percent cover of woody species increased from 35.9% in 1993 to 64.3% in 2006/2008 for the 11 glades sampled. Nearly all woody species showed an increase in percent cover with Juniperus virginiana var. virginiana (Eastern red-cedar) increasing the most in percent cover (11% increase in cover, a 57% change). The non-native invasive shrub Ligustrum sinense (Chinese privet) ranked second in increase in cover (4.63%) and is now the third most abundant woody species in the glades. In addition, transects showed a decrease in the density of herbaceous plants characteristic of these calcareous glades ranging from 35% to 100%, including Pediomelum subacaule, Viola egglestonii, Dalea gattingeri, Ruellia humilis, Hypericum dolabriforme, Ratibida pinnata, Scutellaria leonardii, Silphium pinnatifidum, Packera paupercula, Leavenworthia exigua var. exigua, and Delphinium carolinianum ssp. calciphilum. The evidence from this study strongly suggests a decline in the natural integrity of these glade communities over a 15-year period and an increase in the natural rate of ecological succession with the invasion of a non-native species. Our management recommendations focus on two equally important actions: the targeted removal of Ligustrum sinense and the re-introduction of fire into the forest/woodland environment surrounding the glades.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
Average percent cover of woody species in calcareous glades increased from 35.9% in 1993 to 64.3% in 2006/2008.
Verbatim
e0“Vegetation monitoring transects established in calcareous glade habitats in 1993 at Chickamauga and Chattanooga National Military Park were resampled in 2006 and 2008”
e1“The average percent cover of woody species increased from 35.9% in 1993 to 64.3% in 2006/2008 for the 11 glades sampled”
Claim · model-written summary
Juniperus virginiana var. virginiana showed the largest increase in percent cover, 11% or a 57% change.
- Taxon
- Juniperus virginiana var. virginiana
Juniperus virginianae2 - Outcome
- percent covere2
- Direction
- increasinge2
- Value
- 11% increase in cover, a 57% changee2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“Juniperus virginiana var. virginiana (Eastern red-cedar) increasing the most in percent cover (11% increase in cover, a 57% change)”
Claim · model-written summary
Ligustrum sinense ranked second in increase in cover, at 4.63%.
- Taxon
- Ligustrum sinense
_Ligustrum_sinense_-_Foliage_and_infructescence.jpg?width=60)
Ligustrum sinensee3 - Outcome
- increase in covere3
- Value
- 4.63%e3
- Qualifier
- ranked seconde3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_Ligustrum_sinense_-_Foliage_and_infructescence.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e3“The non-native invasive shrub Ligustrum sinense (Chinese privet) ranked second in increase in cover (4.63%)”
Claim · model-written summary
Density of herbaceous plants characteristic of calcareous glades decreased by 35% to 100%.
Verbatim
e4“transects showed a decrease in the density of herbaceous plants characteristic of these calcareous glades ranging from 35% to 100%”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors suggest a decline in the natural integrity of the glade communities over 15 years with the invasion of a non-native species.
Verbatim
e4“transects showed a decrease in the density of herbaceous plants characteristic of these calcareous glades ranging from 35% to 100%”
e5“The evidence from this study strongly suggests a decline in the natural integrity of these glade communities over a 15-year period and an increase in the natural rate of ecological succession with the invasion of a non-native species”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors suggest an increase in the natural rate of ecological succession in glades with the invasion of a non-native species.
Verbatim
e4“transects showed a decrease in the density of herbaceous plants characteristic of these calcareous glades ranging from 35% to 100%”
e5“The evidence from this study strongly suggests a decline in the natural integrity of these glade communities over a 15-year period and an increase in the natural rate of ecological succession with the invasion of a non-native species”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend targeted removal of Ligustrum sinense from calcareous glades.
- Taxon
- Ligustrum sinenseLigustrum sinensee6
- Outcome
- targeted removal of Ligustrum sinensee6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e6“Our management recommendations focus on two equally important actions: the targeted removal of Ligustrum sinense and the re-introduction of fire into the forest/woodland environment surrounding the glades”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend re-introducing fire into the woodland around the glades.
Verbatim
e1“The average percent cover of woody species increased from 35.9% in 1993 to 64.3% in 2006/2008 for the 11 glades sampled”
e6“Our management recommendations focus on two equally important actions: the targeted removal of Ligustrum sinense and the re-introduction of fire into the forest/woodland environment surrounding the glades”