Abstract
Abstract: Studies on three different neem treatment methods (seed, soil and foliar) and two different commercial neem products (NeemAzal T/S 1% azadirachtin and NeemAzalU 17% azadirachtin) against sweetpotato whitefly (WF) Bemisia tabaci Gennadius (Hom., Aleyrodidae) on tomato plants were conducted in cages in air‐conditioned cultivation rooms. All three methods of neem treatments resulted in reduced colonization and oviposition. Overall oviposition intensity was significantly reduced (44%) by the treatment of tomato seeds but an even higher reduction (74%) was achieved through soil drenching both with 3.0 g/l NeemAzalU and foliar spraying (82%) with 10 ml/l of NeemAzal TS compared with control treatments. In contrast, soil and foliar treatment increased fecundity per female up to 33% and 32%, respectively, at the highest tested concentrations. Reduced egg hatch could be observed only at high neem concentrations; 62% and 51% of deposited eggs hatched at the highest dose rates of NeemAzalU in case of seed and foliar treatments, respectively; whereas only 43% of deposited eggs hatched in case of foliar treatments at highest dose rates of NeemAzal T/S. Seed (35%), foliar (93%) and soil treatments (91%) caused high mortality rates of immatures and reduced number of hatching adults compared with control plants treated with a blank formulation or water. The mortality among immatures increased in relation to azadirachtin concentrations. Concerning susceptibility of different developmental stages, young larvae were the most sensitive. Foliar treatment was the most efficient, with 100% mortality for all three larval stages at high concentrations (10 ml/l of NeemAzal T/S) compared with 78–87% mortality with soil treatment (at 3.0 g/l NeemAzalU). The findings are discussed in the context of integrated control of WF in protected cultivation environments in the humid tropics.
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Claims 15
Claim · model-written summary
All neem methods reduced whitefly colonization and oviposition.
- Taxon
- tomato plants
Solanum lycopersicume2 - Treatment
- neem treatmentse0
- Interactor
- Bemisia tabaci Gennadius
Bemisia tabacie1pest - Outcome
- colonization and ovipositione0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“All three methods of neem treatments resulted in reduced colonization and oviposition”
e1“Bemisia tabaci Gennadius”
e2“tomato plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Seed treatment reduced overall oviposition by 44%.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- treatment of tomato seedse0
- Interactor
- Bemisia tabaci GennadiusBemisia tabacie1pest
- Outcome
- oviposition intensitye0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 44%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Overall oviposition intensity was significantly reduced (44%) by the treatment of tomato seeds”
e1“Bemisia tabaci Gennadius”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil drenching reduced oviposition by 74%.
- Taxon
- tomato plantsSolanum lycopersicume1
- Treatment
- soil drenching both with 3.0 g/l NeemAzalUe0
- Interactor
- Bemisia tabaci GennadiusBemisia tabacie2pest
- Outcome
- reductione0
- Direction
- reductione0
- Value
- 74%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“reduction (74%) was achieved through soil drenching both with 3.0 g/l NeemAzalU”
e1“tomato plants”
e2“Bemisia tabaci Gennadius”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar spraying reduced oviposition by 82%.
- Taxon
- tomato plantsSolanum lycopersicume1
- Treatment
- foliar spraying (82%) with 10 ml/l of NeemAzal TSe0
- Interactor
- Bemisia tabaci GennadiusBemisia tabacie2pest
- Outcome
- foliar sprayinge0
- Value
- 82%e0
- Comparator
- control treatmentse0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“foliar spraying (82%) with 10 ml/l of NeemAzal TS compared with control treatments”
e1“tomato plants”
e2“Bemisia tabaci Gennadius”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil treatment increased fecundity per female by up to 33%.
- Taxon
- tomato plantsSolanum lycopersicume1
- Treatment
- soile0
- Interactor
- Bemisia tabaci GennadiusBemisia tabacie2pest
- Outcome
- fecundity per femalee0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 33%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“soil and foliar treatment increased fecundity per female up to 33% and 32%, respectively, at the highest tested concentrations”
e1“tomato plants”
e2“Bemisia tabaci Gennadius”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar treatment increased fecundity per female by up to 32%.
- Taxon
- tomato plantsSolanum lycopersicume1
- Treatment
- foliar treatmente0
- Interactor
- Bemisia tabaci GennadiusBemisia tabacie2pest
- Outcome
- fecundity per femalee0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 32%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“soil and foliar treatment increased fecundity per female up to 33% and 32%, respectively, at the highest tested concentrations”
e1“tomato plants”
e2“Bemisia tabaci Gennadius”
Claim · model-written summary
Seed treatment with NeemAzalU yielded 62% egg hatch at the highest dose.
- Taxon
- tomato plantsSolanum lycopersicume1
- Treatment
- seede0
- Interactor
- Bemisia tabaci GennadiusBemisia tabacie2pest
- Outcome
- deposited eggs hatchede0
- Value
- 62%e0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“62% and 51% of deposited eggs hatched at the highest dose rates of NeemAzalU in case of seed and foliar treatments, respectively”
e1“tomato plants”
e2“Bemisia tabaci Gennadius”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar treatment with NeemAzalU yielded 51% egg hatch at the highest dose.
- Taxon
- tomato plantsSolanum lycopersicume1
- Treatment
- foliar treatmentse0
- Interactor
- Bemisia tabaci GennadiusBemisia tabacie2pest
- Outcome
- deposited eggs hatchede0
- Value
- 51%e0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“62% and 51% of deposited eggs hatched at the highest dose rates of NeemAzalU in case of seed and foliar treatments, respectively”
e1“tomato plants”
e2“Bemisia tabaci Gennadius”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar NeemAzal T/S yielded 43% egg hatch at the highest dose.
- Taxon
- tomato plantsSolanum lycopersicume1
- Treatment
- foliar treatments at highest dose rates of NeemAzal T/Se0
- Interactor
- Bemisia tabaci GennadiusBemisia tabacie2pest
- Outcome
- deposited eggs hatchede0
- Value
- 43%e0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“only 43% of deposited eggs hatched in case of foliar treatments at highest dose rates of NeemAzal T/S”
e1“tomato plants”
e2“Bemisia tabaci Gennadius”
Claim · model-written summary
Seed treatment caused 35% immature mortality.
- Taxon
- tomato plantsSolanum lycopersicume1
- Treatment
- Seede0
- Interactor
- Bemisia tabaci GennadiusBemisia tabacie2pest
- Outcome
- mortality rates of immaturese0
- Direction
- highe0
- Value
- 35%e0
- Comparator
- control plants treated with a blank formulation or watere0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Seed (35%), foliar (93%) and soil treatments (91%) caused high mortality rates of immatures and reduced number of hatching adults compared with control plants treated with a blank formulation or water”
e1“tomato plants”
e2“Bemisia tabaci Gennadius”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar treatment caused 93% immature mortality.
- Taxon
- tomato plantsSolanum lycopersicume1
- Treatment
- foliare0
- Interactor
- Bemisia tabaci GennadiusBemisia tabacie2pest
- Outcome
- mortality rates of immaturese0
- Direction
- highe0
- Value
- 93%e0
- Comparator
- control plants treated with a blank formulation or watere0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Seed (35%), foliar (93%) and soil treatments (91%) caused high mortality rates of immatures and reduced number of hatching adults compared with control plants treated with a blank formulation or water”
e1“tomato plants”
e2“Bemisia tabaci Gennadius”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil treatment caused 91% immature mortality.
- Taxon
- tomato plantsSolanum lycopersicume1
- Treatment
- soil treatmentse0
- Interactor
- Bemisia tabaci GennadiusBemisia tabacie2pest
- Outcome
- mortality rates of immaturese0
- Direction
- highe0
- Value
- 91%e0
- Comparator
- control plants treated with a blank formulation or watere0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Seed (35%), foliar (93%) and soil treatments (91%) caused high mortality rates of immatures and reduced number of hatching adults compared with control plants treated with a blank formulation or water”
e1“tomato plants”
e2“Bemisia tabaci Gennadius”
Claim · model-written summary
Immature mortality rose with azadirachtin concentration.
- Taxon
- tomato plantsSolanum lycopersicume1
- Treatment
- azadirachtin concentrationse0
- Interactor
- Bemisia tabaci GennadiusBemisia tabacie2pest
- Outcome
- mortality among immaturese0
- Direction
- increasede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The mortality among immatures increased in relation to azadirachtin concentrations”
e1“tomato plants”
e2“Bemisia tabaci Gennadius”
Claim · model-written summary
Young larvae were most sensitive.
- Taxon
- tomato plantsSolanum lycopersicume1
- Interactor
- Bemisia tabaci GennadiusBemisia tabacie2pest
- Outcome
- young larvae were the most sensitivee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“young larvae were the most sensitive”
e1“tomato plants”
e2“Bemisia tabaci Gennadius”
Claim · model-written summary
High-dose foliar treatment caused 100% mortality in three larval stages.
- Taxon
- tomato plantsSolanum lycopersicume1
- Treatment
- 10 ml/l of NeemAzal T/Se0
- Interactor
- Bemisia tabaci GennadiusBemisia tabacie2pest
- Outcome
- mortality for all three larval stagese0
- Value
- 100%e0
- Qualifier
- 78–87%e0
- Comparator
- soil treatmente0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“100% mortality for all three larval stages at high concentrations (10 ml/l of NeemAzal T/S) compared with 78–87% mortality with soil treatment (at 3.0 g/l NeemAzalU)”
e1“tomato plants”
e2“Bemisia tabaci Gennadius”
The same questions in other papers
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- negative
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21 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction · 2 reporting no difference from an alternative
- no effect
- no effect
- no effect
21 papers more in this group
See all 25 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.