Abstract
Thepersistence andmovementofstrain JS414ofXanthomonas campestris pv. campestris, whichwas genetically engineered tobioluminesce, were monitored during a limited field introduction. Bioluminescence andtraditional dilution plate countswere determined. Strain JS414 was applied tocabbageplantsand surrounding soil bymistinoculation, bywoundinoculation, byscattering infested debris among plants, andby incorporating bacteria into thesoil. Bioluminescent X.campestris pv. campestris was detected inplantsamples andintherhizosphere up to6weeksafter inoculation. Movementtouninoculated plants was detected on one occasion, butmovementfromtheimmediate release area was notdetected. Strain JS414 was detected insoil samples beneath mist- andwound-inoculated plants onlyatintentionally infested locations andinaerial samples onlyon thedayofinoculation. Ourbioluminescence methodsprovedtobeas sensitive as plating methods fordetecting thegenetically engineered microorganisms inenvironmental samples. Ourresults demonstrate thattransgenic incorporation oftheluxCDABEoperon provides a non-labor-intensive, sensitive detection methodformonitoring genetically engineered microorganisms innature. Genetically engineered microorganisms (GEMs)may be introduced into theenvironment todetect (12) ortodegrade toxic substances (7), toserveas biological control agents (18), todeliver insecticidal proteins (32), tocontrol frost damageinplants (2,15,17), andtoenhance nitrogen fixation (3).A majorreservation fortherelease ofGEMs has centered aroundtheneedtomonitor thedispersal and persistence ofsuchorganisms intheenvironment. A recent reportbytheNational Research Council (20)andseveral other accounts (5,11,19)havecommented on thepaucity of suitable, reliable methods formonitoring GEMs. Promising new approaches fordetecting GEMshavebeen reviewed byJainetal.(9). Results obtained withnewer technologies suggest thathomologous DNA probes can be usedtospecifically identify certain species ofbacteria (31) andtoidentify thepresenceoffunction-specific genesamong
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Claims 7
Claim · model-written summary
Bioluminescent X. campestris pv. campestris was detected in cabbage plant samples and in the rhizosphere up to 6 weeks after inoculation.
- Taxon
- cabbage
Brassica oleracea var. capitatae0 - Interactor
- X.campestris pv. campestrise1other
- Outcome
- detected in plant samplese1
- Value
- 6weekse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Strain JS414 was applied tocabbageplantsand surrounding soil”
e1“Bioluminescent X.campestris pv. campestris was detected inplantsamples andintherhizosphere up to6weeksafter inoculation”
Claim · model-written summary
Movement of strain JS414 to uninoculated cabbage plants was detected on one occasion.
- Taxon
- cabbageBrassica oleracea var. capitatae0
- Interactor
- Strain JS414e0other
- Outcome
- movement to uninoculated plantse2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Strain JS414 was applied tocabbageplantsand surrounding soil”
e2“Movementtouninoculated plants was detected on one occasion”
Claim · model-written summary
Movement of strain JS414 from the immediate release area was not detected.
- Taxon
- cabbageBrassica oleracea var. capitatae0
- Interactor
- Strain JS414e0other
- Outcome
- movement from the immediate release areae3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Strain JS414 was applied tocabbageplantsand surrounding soil”
e3“butmovementfromtheimmediate release area was notdetected”
Claim · model-written summary
Strain JS414 was detected in soil beneath mist- and wound-inoculated cabbage plants only at intentionally infested locations.
- Taxon
- cabbageBrassica oleracea var. capitatae0
- Interactor
- Strain JS414e4other
- Outcome
- detected in soile4
- Setting
- intentionally infested locationse4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Strain JS414 was applied tocabbageplantsand surrounding soil”
e4“Strain JS414 was detected insoil samples beneath mist- andwound-inoculated plants onlyatintentionally infested locations”
Claim · model-written summary
Strain JS414 was detected in aerial samples only on the day of inoculation.
- Taxon
- cabbageBrassica oleracea var. capitatae0
- Interactor
- Strain JS414e0other
- Outcome
- aerial samplese5
- Qualifier
- only on the day of inoculatione5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Strain JS414 was applied tocabbageplantsand surrounding soil”
e5“andinaerial samples onlyon thedayofinoculation”
Claim · model-written summary
The bioluminescence method was as sensitive as plating methods for detecting genetically engineered microorganisms in environmental samples.
- Taxon
- cabbageBrassica oleracea var. capitatae0
- Outcome
- sensitivee6
- Comparator
- plating methodse6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Strain JS414 was applied tocabbageplantsand surrounding soil”
e6“Ourbioluminescence methodsprovedtobeas sensitive as plating methods fordetecting thegenetically engineered microorganisms inenvironmental samples”
Claim · model-written summary
Transgenic incorporation of the luxCDABE operon provides a non-labor-intensive, sensitive detection method for monitoring genetically engineered microorganisms in nature.
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e7“Ourresults demonstrate thattransgenic incorporation oftheluxCDABEoperon provides a non-labor-intensive, sensitive detection methodformonitoring genetically engineered microorganisms innature”