Abstract
A key component of Russian wheat aphid, Diuraphis noxia (Kurdjumov), management has been through planting resistant wheat cultivars. A new biotype, RWA2, appeared in 2003 which caused widespread damage to wheat cultivars containing the Dn4 gene. Biotypic diversity in Russian wheat aphid populations has not been addressed since 2005 when RWA2 dominated the biotype complex. Our objectives were to determine the biotypic diversity in the Central Great Plains and Colorado Plateau at regional (2010, 2011, 2013) and local (2012) levels and detect the presence of new Russian wheat aphid biotypes. Regional and within-field aphid collections were screened against Russian wheat aphid-resistant wheat genotypes containing genes Dn3, Dn4, Dn6, Dn7, Dn9, CI2401; and resistant barley STARS 9301B. In 2010, all aphid collections from Texas were avirulent to the Dn4 resistance gene in wheat. Regional results revealed Dn4 avirulent RWA6 was widespread (55-84%) in populations infesting wheat in both regions. Biotypes RWA1, 2, and 3/7 were equally represented with percentages<20% each while RWA8 was rarely detected. Combining percentages of RWA1, 6, and 8 across regions to estimate avirulence to Dn4 gene revealed high percentages for both 2011 (64-80%) and 2013 (69-90%). In contrast, the biotype structure at the local level differed where biotype percentages varied up to ≥2-fold between fields. No new biotypes were detected; therefore, Dn7, CI2401, and STARS9301B remained resistant to all known Russian wheat aphid biotypes. This study documents a shift to Dn4 avirulent biotypes and serves as a valuable baseline for biotypic diversity in Russian wheat aphid populations prior to the deployment of new Russian wheat aphid-resistant wheat cultivars.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
In 2010, all aphid collections from Texas were avirulent to the Dn4 resistance gene in wheat.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivume1 - Interactor
- aphide1pest
- Gene
- Dn4e1
- Outcome
- avirulent to the Dn4 resistance genee1
- Setting
- Texase1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“In 2010, all aphid collections from Texas were avirulent to the Dn4 resistance gene in wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
The Dn4 avirulent biotype RWA6 was widespread, at 55-84% of populations.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume2
- Interactor
- RWA6e2pest
- Outcome
- widespreade2
- Value
- 55-84%e2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“Regional results revealed Dn4 avirulent RWA6 was widespread (55-84%) in populations infesting wheat in both regions”
Claim · model-written summary
Biotypes RWA1, RWA2 and RWA3/7 were equally represented, each below 20%.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume2
- Interactor
- RWA1, 2, and 3/7e3pest
- Outcome
- equally representede3
- Value
- <20%e3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“Regional results revealed Dn4 avirulent RWA6 was widespread (55-84%) in populations infesting wheat in both regions”
e3“Biotypes RWA1, 2, and 3/7 were equally represented with percentages<20% each while RWA8 was rarely detected”
Claim · model-written summary
Biotype RWA8 was rarely detected.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume2
- Interactor
- RWA8e3pest
- Outcome
- detectede3
- Qualifier
- rarelye3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“Regional results revealed Dn4 avirulent RWA6 was widespread (55-84%) in populations infesting wheat in both regions”
e3“while RWA8 was rarely detected”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined RWA1, 6 and 8 avirulence to the Dn4 gene was 64-80% in 2011.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume2
- Interactor
- RWA1, 6, and 8e4pest
- Outcome
- avirulence to Dn4 genee4
- Value
- 64-80%e4
- Qualifier
- 2011e4
- Setting
- across regionse4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“Regional results revealed Dn4 avirulent RWA6 was widespread (55-84%) in populations infesting wheat in both regions”
e4“Combining percentages of RWA1, 6, and 8 across regions to estimate avirulence to Dn4 gene revealed high percentages for both 2011 (64-80%) and 2013 (69-90%)”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined RWA1, 6 and 8 avirulence to the Dn4 gene was 69-90% in 2013.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume2
- Interactor
- RWA1, 6, and 8e4pest
- Outcome
- avirulence to Dn4 genee4
- Value
- 69-90%e4
- Qualifier
- 2013e4
- Setting
- across regionse4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“Regional results revealed Dn4 avirulent RWA6 was widespread (55-84%) in populations infesting wheat in both regions”
e4“Combining percentages of RWA1, 6, and 8 across regions to estimate avirulence to Dn4 gene revealed high percentages for both 2011 (64-80%) and 2013 (69-90%)”
Claim · model-written summary
Biotype percentages varied up to 2-fold between fields at the local level.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume2
- Interactor
- biotypee5pest
- Outcome
- biotype percentagese5
- Value
- ≥2-folde5
- Setting
- between fieldse5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“Regional results revealed Dn4 avirulent RWA6 was widespread (55-84%) in populations infesting wheat in both regions”
e5“the biotype structure at the local level differed where biotype percentages varied up to ≥2-fold between fields”
Claim · model-written summary
No new Russian wheat aphid biotypes were detected.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume6
- Interactor
- Russian wheat aphid
Diuraphis noxiae6pest - Outcome
- No new biotypese6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e6“No new biotypes were detected; therefore, Dn7, CI2401, and STARS9301B remained resistant to all known Russian wheat aphid biotypes”
Claim · model-written summary
Wheat resistance genes Dn7, CI2401 and STARS9301B remained resistant to all known Russian wheat aphid biotypes.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume6
- Material
- Dn7, CI2401, and STARS9301Be6
- Interactor
- Russian wheat aphidDiuraphis noxiae6pest
- Outcome
- remained resistante6
- Qualifier
- to all known Russian wheat aphid biotypese6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e6“No new biotypes were detected; therefore, Dn7, CI2401, and STARS9301B remained resistant to all known Russian wheat aphid biotypes”