Paper · 2007 · Southern Hemisphere Forestry Journal

Effect of seed size on field survival and growth of Eucalyptus in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa

RD Naidu; NB Jones

13
claims
23
verbatim quotes
5
citations
3
research areas
—
Not open access

Abstract

This study was established to determine the effect of seed size on nursery performance, field survival and growth. Results indicated that germination was greater for larger seed whereas the smallest seeds germinated poorly. In addition, seedling survival in the nursery was also lower for Grade 4 Eucalyptus grandis but not for E. smithii. Grade 4 seeds produced the shortest seedlings. This was attributed to a slower rate of germination within a tray of seedlings produced from Grade 4 seed. The Grade 4 seeds, however, produced seedlings with larger root collar diameters due to a greater amount of empty spaces within a tray (a function of poor germination). Field results indicated good survival irrespective of species or seed grade. At 12 months, only seed orchard source was significant for all response variates for E. grandis, whereas there were no significant inter-treatment differences for E. smithii. This study showed that Eucalyptus seed size effects were transitory, only apparent in the nursery and not perceptible one year after planting in the field. Smaller seeds can therefore be used in a commercial nursery as long as they are sown with similar-sized seeds to allow for management of poor germination and crop uniformity. Seed orchard source proved to be very important in predicting field growth.

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Claims 13

Associationobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Larger Eucalyptus seeds germinated better; the smallest germinated poorly.

Taxon
EucalyptusEucalyptust0
Material
larger seede0
Outcome
germinatione0
Direction
greatere0

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Eucalyptus
Eucalyptus · Taxon · picture of the genus (one of its species)W. Bulach · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“germination was greater for larger seed whereas the smallest seeds germinated poorly”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 138–222 · show in text ↑
t0

“Eucalyptus”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 52–62 · show in text ↑
Associationobservedoriginal resultnegativemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Grade 4 Eucalyptus grandis had lower nursery survival.

Taxon
Eucalyptus grandisEucalyptus grandise0
Material
Grade 4e0
Outcome
seedling survival in the nurserye0
Direction
lowere0

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Eucalyptus grandis
Eucalyptus grandis · TaxonPoyt448 Peter Woodard · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“seedling survival in the nursery was also lower for Grade 4 Eucalyptus grandis but not for E. smithii”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 237–338 · show in text ↑
Associationobservedoriginal resultno effectmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Grade 4 did not lower E. smithii nursery survival.

Taxon
E. smithiiEucalyptus smithiie0
Material
Grade 4e0
Outcome
seedling survival in the nurserye0

Not reportedDirection

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Eucalyptus smithii
Eucalyptus smithii · TaxonPoyt448 Peter Woodard · Public domain · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“seedling survival in the nursery was also lower for Grade 4 Eucalyptus grandis but not for E. smithii”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 237–338 · show in text ↑
Associationobservedoriginal resultnegativemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Grade 4 seeds produced the shortest seedlings.

Taxon
EucalyptusEucalyptust0
Material
Grade 4 seedse0
Outcome
seedlingse0
Direction
shorteste0

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Eucalyptus
Eucalyptus · Taxon · picture of the genus (one of its species)W. Bulach · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“Grade 4 seeds produced the shortest seedlings”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 340–385 · show in text ↑
t0

“Eucalyptus”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 52–62 · show in text ↑
Mechanismauthor interpretationoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Slower germination in Grade 4 seed trays was attributed as the reason for short seedlings.

Taxon
EucalyptusEucalyptust0
Material
Grade 4 seede0
Outcome
shortest seedlingse1
Qualifier
slower rate of germinatione0

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Eucalyptus
Eucalyptus · Taxon · picture of the genus (one of its species)W. Bulach · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“This was attributed to a slower rate of germination within a tray of seedlings produced from Grade 4 seed”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 387–492 · show in text ↑
e1

“Grade 4 seeds produced the shortest seedlings”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 340–385 · show in text ↑
t0

“Eucalyptus”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 52–62 · show in text ↑
Associationobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Grade 4 seeds produced seedlings with larger root collar diameters.

Taxon
EucalyptusEucalyptust0
Material
Grade 4 seedse0
Outcome
root collar diameterse0
Direction
largere0

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Eucalyptus
Eucalyptus · Taxon · picture of the genus (one of its species)W. Bulach · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“The Grade 4 seeds, however, produced seedlings with larger root collar diameters”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 494–574 · show in text ↑
t0

“Eucalyptus”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 52–62 · show in text ↑
Mechanismauthor interpretationoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

More empty spaces from poor germination were attributed as the cause of larger root collar diameters.

Taxon
EucalyptusEucalyptust0
Outcome
larger root collar diameterse0
Qualifier
greater amount of empty spaces within a traye0

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Eucalyptus
Eucalyptus · Taxon · picture of the genus (one of its species)W. Bulach · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“larger root collar diameters due to a greater amount of empty spaces within a tray (a function of poor germination)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 546–661 · show in text ↑
t0

“Eucalyptus”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 52–62 · show in text ↑
Observationobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Field survival was good regardless of species or seed grade.

Taxon
EucalyptusEucalyptust0
Outcome
good survivale0

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Eucalyptus
Eucalyptus · Taxon · picture of the genus (one of its species)W. Bulach · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“Field results indicated good survival irrespective of species or seed grade”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 663–738 · show in text ↑
t0

“Eucalyptus”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 52–62 · show in text ↑
Associationobservedoriginal resultsignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

At 12 months, seed orchard source significantly affected all E. grandis response variates.

Taxon
E. grandisEucalyptus grandise0
Material
seed orchard sourcee0
Outcome
all response variatese0
Qualifier
At 12 monthse0

Not reportedDirection

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Eucalyptus grandis
Eucalyptus grandis · TaxonPoyt448 Peter Woodard · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“At 12 months, only seed orchard source was significant for all response variates for E. grandis”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 740–835 · show in text ↑
Observationobservedoriginal resultno effectnot significant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

E. smithii had no significant inter-treatment differences at 12 months.

Taxon
E. smithiiEucalyptus smithiie0
Outcome
inter-treatment differencese0
Direction
no significante0

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Eucalyptus smithii
Eucalyptus smithii · TaxonPoyt448 Peter Woodard · Public domain · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“there were no significant inter-treatment differences for E. smithii”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 845–913 · show in text ↑
e1

“At 12 months, only seed orchard source was significant for all response variates for E. grandis”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 740–835 · show in text ↑
Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Seed size effects were transitory and absent one year after field planting.

Taxon
EucalyptusEucalyptuse0
Outcome
seed size effectse0
Qualifier
not perceptible one year after planting in the fielde0

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Eucalyptus
Eucalyptus · Taxon · picture of the genus (one of its species)W. Bulach · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“Eucalyptus seed size effects were transitory, only apparent in the nursery and not perceptible one year after planting in the field”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 938–1069 · show in text ↑
Recommendationauthor interpretationoriginal resultbasis n/a

Claim · model-written summary

Smaller seeds can be used commercially if sown with similar-sized seeds.

Taxon
EucalyptusEucalyptust0
Outcome
used in a commercial nurserye0
Qualifier
as long as they are sown with similar-sized seedse0

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Eucalyptus
Eucalyptus · Taxon · picture of the genus (one of its species)W. Bulach · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“Smaller seeds can therefore be used in a commercial nursery as long as they are sown with similar-sized seeds to allow for management of poor germination and crop uniformity”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1071–1244 · show in text ↑
t0

“Eucalyptus”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 52–62 · show in text ↑
Associationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Seed orchard source was important for predicting field growth.

Taxon
EucalyptusEucalyptust0
Material
Seed orchard sourcee0
Outcome
field growthe0

Not reportedDirection

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Eucalyptus
Eucalyptus · Taxon · picture of the genus (one of its species)W. Bulach · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“Seed orchard source proved to be very important in predicting field growth”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1246–1320 · show in text ↑
t0

“Eucalyptus”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 52–62 · show in text ↑