Abstract
222 cultivated (Vitis vinifera) and 22 wild (V. vinifera ssp. sylvestris) grape accessions were analysed for genetic diversity and differentiation at eight microsatellite loci. A total of 94 alleles were detected, with extensive polymorphism among the accessions. Multivariate relationships among accessions revealed 16 genetic groups structured into three clusters, supporting the classical eco-geographic grouping of grape cultivars: occidentalis, pontica and orientalis. French cultivars appeared to be distinct and showed close affinity to the wild progenitor, ssp. sylvestris from south-western France (Pyrenees) and Tunisia, probably reflecting the origin and domestication history of many of the old wine cultivars from France. There was appreciable level of differentiation between table and wine grape cultivars, and the Muscat types were somewhat distinct within the wine grapes. Contingency chi2 analysis indicated significant heterogeneity in allele frequencies among groups at all loci. The observed heterozygosities for different groups ranged from 0.625 to 0.9 with an overall average of 0.771. Genetic relationships among groups suggested hierarchical differentiation within cultivated grape. The gene diversity analysis indicated narrow divergence among groups and that most variation was found within groups (approximately 85%). Partitioning of diversity suggested that the remaining variation is somewhat structured hierarchically at different levels of differentiation. The overall organization of genetic diversity suggests that the germplasm of cultivated grape represents a single complex gene pool and that its structure is determined by strong artificial selection and a vegetative mode of reproduction.
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
The grape accessions carried 94 microsatellite alleles with extensive polymorphism.
Verbatim
e0“A total of 94 alleles were detected, with extensive polymorphism among the accessions.”
t0“grape”
Claim · model-written summary
Grape accessions formed 16 genetic groups in three clusters.
Verbatim
e0“Multivariate relationships among accessions revealed 16 genetic groups structured into three clusters”
t0“grape”
Claim · model-written summary
The groups supported occidentalis, pontica and orientalis eco-geographic grouping.
Verbatim
e0“supporting the classical eco-geographic grouping of grape cultivars: occidentalis, pontica and orientalis.”
t0“grape”
Claim · model-written summary
French cultivars were distinct and close to wild sylvestris.
Verbatim
e0“French cultivars appeared to be distinct and showed close affinity to the wild progenitor, ssp. sylvestris from south-western France (Pyrenees) and Tunisia”
t0“grape”
Claim · model-written summary
Table and wine cultivars were appreciably differentiated.
Verbatim
e0“There was appreciable level of differentiation between table and wine grape cultivars”
t0“grape”
Claim · model-written summary
Muscat types were distinct within wine grapes.
Verbatim
e0“the Muscat types were somewhat distinct within the wine grapes.”
t0“grape”
Claim · model-written summary
Allele frequencies differed significantly among groups at all loci.
Verbatim
e0“significant heterogeneity in allele frequencies among groups at all loci.”
t0“grape”
Claim · model-written summary
Group heterozygosity ranged from 0.625 to 0.9.
Verbatim
e0“The observed heterozygosities for different groups ranged from 0.625 to 0.9 with an overall average of 0.771.”
t0“grape”
Claim · model-written summary
Overall average heterozygosity was 0.771.
Verbatim
e0“The observed heterozygosities for different groups ranged from 0.625 to 0.9 with an overall average of 0.771.”
t0“grape”
Claim · model-written summary
Genetic relationships suggested hierarchical differentiation in cultivated grape.
Verbatim
e0“Genetic relationships among groups suggested hierarchical differentiation within cultivated grape.”
t0“grape”
Claim · model-written summary
Most grape variation was within groups, approximately 85%.
Verbatim
e0“most variation was found within groups (approximately 85%).”
t0“grape”
Claim · model-written summary
Genetic diversity analysis found narrow divergence among groups.
Verbatim
e0“The gene diversity analysis indicated narrow divergence among groups”
t0“grape”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors infer a single complex gene pool shaped by selection and vegetative reproduction.
Verbatim
e0“the germplasm of cultivated grape represents a single complex gene pool and that its structure is determined by strong artificial selection and a vegetative mode of reproduction.”
t0“grape”