Abstract
The conservation status of Cycas seemannii , native to Vanuatu, New Caledonia, Fiji and Tonga, is assessed based on isozyme analysis, abundance estimates and factors affecting the survival of the species. Genetic variation in the species is low and genetic differentiation between populations is high, as compared to plants in general and to other cycads. Lower genetic variation was detected in a fragmented population as compared to less disturbed populations. Low gene flow was also detected, implying little contact between the various populations. A conservative estimate of 17,000 individuals remaining in the wild was obtained, with more than half of these located on the islands of Vanuatu. Accounts of past abundance suggest declining population sizes, most likely the result of repeated burning. Other factors that may be contributing to the decline are decreasing importance to and protection by humans, habitat alteration for agricultural and developmental purposes, and poor dispersal and recolonisation potential. An assessment based on the present estimated abundance and what is known of recent declines in numbers, indicates that the species should be categorised as Vulnerable on the IUCN Red List. On some of the densely populated islands, such as Viti Levu in Fiji and Nukualofa in Tonga, the species is locally Endangered or Critically Endangered. Possible conservation measures are suggested, and it is emphasised that populations on different islands must be considered separately because of their genetic differentiation.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Genetic variation in Cycas seemannii is low compared with plants in general and other cycads.
- Taxon
- Cycas seemannii
Cycas seemanniie0 - Outcome
- Genetic variatione1
- Direction
- lowe1
- Comparator
- plants in generale1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The conservation status of Cycas seemannii , native to Vanuatu, New Caledonia, Fiji and Tonga”
e1“Genetic variation in the species is low and genetic differentiation between populations is high, as compared to plants in general and to other cycads”
Claim · model-written summary
Genetic differentiation between populations of Cycas seemannii is high compared with plants in general.
- Taxon
- Cycas seemanniiCycas seemanniie0
- Outcome
- genetic differentiation between populationse1
- Direction
- highe1
- Comparator
- plants in generale1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The conservation status of Cycas seemannii , native to Vanuatu, New Caledonia, Fiji and Tonga”
e1“Genetic variation in the species is low and genetic differentiation between populations is high, as compared to plants in general and to other cycads”
Claim · model-written summary
Genetic variation was lower in a fragmented population than in less disturbed populations.
- Taxon
- Cycas seemanniiCycas seemanniie0
- Material
- fragmented populatione2
- Outcome
- genetic variatione2
- Direction
- Lowere2
- Comparator
- less disturbed populationse2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The conservation status of Cycas seemannii , native to Vanuatu, New Caledonia, Fiji and Tonga”
e2“Lower genetic variation was detected in a fragmented population as compared to less disturbed populations”
Claim · model-written summary
Gene flow among populations of Cycas seemannii is low.
- Taxon
- Cycas seemanniiCycas seemanniie0
- Outcome
- gene flowe3
- Direction
- Lowe3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The conservation status of Cycas seemannii , native to Vanuatu, New Caledonia, Fiji and Tonga”
e3“Low gene flow was also detected, implying little contact between the various populations”
Claim · model-written summary
A conservative estimate of 17,000 individuals remain in the wild.
- Taxon
- Cycas seemanniiCycas seemanniie0
- Outcome
- individuals remaining in the wilde4
- Value
- 17,000 individualse4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The conservation status of Cycas seemannii , native to Vanuatu, New Caledonia, Fiji and Tonga”
e4“A conservative estimate of 17,000 individuals remaining in the wild was obtained”
Claim · model-written summary
More than half of the wild individuals are located on the islands of Vanuatu.
- Taxon
- Cycas seemanniiCycas seemanniie0
- Outcome
- locatede5
- Value
- more than halfe5
- Setting
- the islands of Vanuatue5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The conservation status of Cycas seemannii , native to Vanuatu, New Caledonia, Fiji and Tonga”
e5“with more than half of these located on the islands of Vanuatu”
Claim · model-written summary
Population sizes of Cycas seemannii are declining, most likely because of repeated burning.
- Taxon
- Cycas seemanniiCycas seemanniie0
- Treatment
- repeated burninge6
- Outcome
- population sizese6
- Direction
- declininge6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The conservation status of Cycas seemannii , native to Vanuatu, New Caledonia, Fiji and Tonga”
e6“Accounts of past abundance suggest declining population sizes, most likely the result of repeated burning”
Claim · model-written summary
Cycas seemannii should be categorised as Vulnerable on the IUCN Red List.
- Taxon
- Cycas seemanniiCycas seemanniie0
- Outcome
- categorised as Vulnerable on the IUCN Red Liste7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The conservation status of Cycas seemannii , native to Vanuatu, New Caledonia, Fiji and Tonga”
e7“the species should be categorised as Vulnerable on the IUCN Red List”
Claim · model-written summary
Cycas seemannii is locally Endangered or Critically Endangered on some densely populated islands.
- Taxon
- Cycas seemanniiCycas seemanniie0
- Outcome
- locally Endangered or Critically Endangerede1
- Setting
- Viti Levu in Fiji and Nukualofa in Tongae1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The conservation status of Cycas seemannii , native to Vanuatu, New Caledonia, Fiji and Tonga”
e1“On some of the densely populated islands, such as Viti Levu in Fiji and Nukualofa in Tonga, the species is locally Endangered or Critically Endangered”
Claim · model-written summary
Populations on different islands should be considered separately because of their genetic differentiation.
- Taxon
- Cycas seemanniiCycas seemanniie0
- Outcome
- considered separatelye1
- Qualifier
- because of their genetic differentiatione1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The conservation status of Cycas seemannii , native to Vanuatu, New Caledonia, Fiji and Tonga”
e1“populations on different islands must be considered separately because of their genetic differentiation”