Abstract
Abstract Tomato plants in Nigeria were subjected to foliar sprays of Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki (formulated as Dipel and Thuricide) and Baculovirus heliothis (Elcar), to which carbaryl, plus the adjuvants Tenac and Gustol were on occasion added, to test their effectiveness against Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner) and other lepidopterous larvae. H. armigera larvae were found susceptible to both pathogens. The 0·5 kg/ha and the 1·0 kg/ha applications of Bacillus thuringiensis gave good field control of the larvae, similar to that of carbaryl at 1·5 kg/ha. Bacillus and virus were compatible but not significantly more effective when combined than when applied separately. Combinations of bacillus and virus with carbaryl were also not significantly more effective than the pathogens applied separately. B. thuringiensis at 0·5 kg/ha applied with carbaryl at 0·5 kg/ha was as good as carbaryl at 1·5 kg/ha. Gustol and Tenac did not significantly increase the effectiveness of the pathogens.
Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record, shown for indexing and research. Copyright remains with the authors or the publisher. Read at the source ↗
The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 6
Claim · model-written summary
Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki at 0.5 and 1.0 kg/ha gave field control of Helicoverpa armigera larvae similar to carbaryl at 1.5 kg/ha.
- Taxon
- tomato
Solanum lycopersicumt0 - Treatment
- The 0·5 kg/ha and the 1·0 kg/ha applications of Bacillus thuringiensise1
- Interactor
- helicoverpa armigera
_gusano_cogollero.png?width=60)
Helicoverpa armigerat0pest - Second interactor
- Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstakiBacillus thuringiensis serovar kurstakit0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- field control of the larvaee1
- Direction
- similare1
- Comparator
- carbaryl at 1·5 kg/hae1
- Setting
- south-western Nigeriat0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_gusano_cogollero.png?width=500)
Verbatim
t0“Efficacy of Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki and Baculovirus heliothis foliar applications for suppression of helicoverpa armigera (Hübner) (Noctuidae) and other lepidopterous larvae on tomato in south-western Nigeria”
e1“The 0·5 kg/ha and the 1·0 kg/ha applications of Bacillus thuringiensis gave good field control of the larvae, similar to that of carbaryl at 1·5 kg/ha”
Claim · model-written summary
Bacillus thuringiensis and baculovirus were compatible but not significantly more effective when combined than when applied separately against Helicoverpa armigera.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- Bacillus and viruse2
- Interactor
- helicoverpa armigeraHelicoverpa armigerat0pest
- Second interactor
- Baculovirus heliothist0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- effectivee2
- Direction
- not significantly more effectivee2
- Comparator
- when applied separatelye2
- Setting
- south-western Nigeriat0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Efficacy of Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki and Baculovirus heliothis foliar applications for suppression of helicoverpa armigera (Hübner) (Noctuidae) and other lepidopterous larvae on tomato in south-western Nigeria”
e2“Bacillus and virus were compatible but not significantly more effective when combined than when applied separately”
Claim · model-written summary
Combinations of Bacillus and virus with carbaryl were not significantly more effective against Helicoverpa armigera than the pathogens applied separately.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- Combinations of bacillus and virus with carbaryle3
- Interactor
- helicoverpa armigeraHelicoverpa armigerat0pest
- Second interactor
- Baculovirus heliothist0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- effectivee3
- Direction
- not significantly more effectivee3
- Comparator
- the pathogens applied separatelye3
- Setting
- south-western Nigeriat0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Efficacy of Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki and Baculovirus heliothis foliar applications for suppression of helicoverpa armigera (Hübner) (Noctuidae) and other lepidopterous larvae on tomato in south-western Nigeria”
e3“Combinations of bacillus and virus with carbaryl were also not significantly more effective than the pathogens applied separately”
Claim · model-written summary
Bacillus thuringiensis at 0.5 kg/ha applied with carbaryl at 0.5 kg/ha was as good as carbaryl at 1.5 kg/ha for field control of Helicoverpa armigera larvae.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- B. thuringiensis at 0·5 kg/ha applied with carbaryl at 0·5 kg/hae4
- Interactor
- helicoverpa armigeraHelicoverpa armigerat0pest
- Second interactor
- Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstakiBacillus thuringiensis serovar kurstakit0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- field controle1
- Direction
- as good ase4
- Comparator
- carbaryl at 1·5 kg/hae4
- Setting
- south-western Nigeriat0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Efficacy of Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki and Baculovirus heliothis foliar applications for suppression of helicoverpa armigera (Hübner) (Noctuidae) and other lepidopterous larvae on tomato in south-western Nigeria”
e1“The 0·5 kg/ha and the 1·0 kg/ha applications of Bacillus thuringiensis gave good field control of the larvae, similar to that of carbaryl at 1·5 kg/ha”
e4“B. thuringiensis at 0·5 kg/ha applied with carbaryl at 0·5 kg/ha was as good as carbaryl at 1·5 kg/ha”
Claim · model-written summary
Gustol and Tenac did not significantly increase the effectiveness of the pathogens against Helicoverpa armigera.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- Gustol and Tenace5
- Interactor
- helicoverpa armigeraHelicoverpa armigerat0pest
- Outcome
- effectivenesse5
- Direction
- did not significantly increasee5
- Comparator
- the pathogense5
- Setting
- south-western Nigeriat0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Efficacy of Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki and Baculovirus heliothis foliar applications for suppression of helicoverpa armigera (Hübner) (Noctuidae) and other lepidopterous larvae on tomato in south-western Nigeria”
e5“Gustol and Tenac did not significantly increase the effectiveness of the pathogens”
Claim · model-written summary
Helicoverpa armigera larvae were susceptible to both Bacillus thuringiensis and baculovirus.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Interactor
- helicoverpa armigeraHelicoverpa armigerat0pest
- Second interactor
- Baculovirus heliothist0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- susceptiblee6
- Setting
- south-western Nigeriat0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Efficacy of Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki and Baculovirus heliothis foliar applications for suppression of helicoverpa armigera (Hübner) (Noctuidae) and other lepidopterous larvae on tomato in south-western Nigeria”
e6“H. armigera larvae were found susceptible to both pathogens”
The same questions in other papers
Bacillus thuringiensis · Helicoverpa armigera · Solanum lycopersicum (tomato)Positive and negative results
3 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- negative
- positive
- positive
1 paper more in this group
See all 5 papers →carbaryl · Helicoverpa armigera · Solanum lycopersicum (tomato)Results agree
2 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.