Abstract
Roots of laurel oak (Quercus laurifolia Michx.), member of the family Fagaceae, were found to be heavily galled by the pecan root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne partityla, in two separate home gardens between 2010 and 2012, in Alachua Co., FL. Distinct round galls were observed on secondary and tertiary roots. Internally, root-knot nematode females were clearly visible when the roots were thinly sliced and egg masses were seen protruding from the root surfaces. The nematode species identification was performed using morphology of the male stylet, selected characters of the second-stage juveniles (J2), female perineal patterns, and esterase (EST) and malate dehydrogenase (Mdh) isozyme phenotypes. Morphology of perineal patterns of females, body, stylet, and tail length of the J2 and males all matched those of the original description of M. partityla (2). A swollen deeply grooved rectum was observed in the J2. The male stylet had a blunt tip with a prominent thickening at the junction between the cone and shaft. The stylet knobs of males and females were bipartite, each incised by a deep medium longitudinal groove (2). The isozyme phenotypes (EST = Mp3; Mdh = N1a) were consistent with those previously reported for M. partityla from Florida (1). Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) (3) and ribosomal internal transcriber spacer (ITS) DNA (4) of females were amplified to further confirm the nematode species identification. The mtDNA amplification using the C2F3/1108 primer set (3) and the ITS amplification using a recently available M. partityla specific primer set (4) produced fragments of approximately 530 bp and 550 bp, respectively. These were consistent with those already reported for this nematode species. This first report of a plant host for the pecan root-knot nematode outside of the family Juglandaceae indicates that the nematode may have migrated from Quercus species to pecan trees during the period when orchards were being established in Florida. To our knowledge, this is the first report of the pecan root-knot nematode infecting laurel oak. References: (1) J. A. Brito et al. Nematology 10:757, 2008. (2) Kleynhans, K. P. N. Phytophylatica 18:103, 1986. (3) T. O. Powers et al., J. Nematol. 37:226, 2005. (4) R. A. Stamler. M. S. thesis, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, 2009.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Laurel oak roots were heavily galled by Meloidogyne partityla in two Florida home gardens.
- Taxon
- laurel oak
.jpg?width=60)
Quercus imbricariae0 - Organ / stage
- Rootse0
- Interactor
- Meloidogyne partitylaMeloidogyne partitylae0pathogen
- Outcome
- heavily gallede0
- Setting
- Alachua Co., FL.e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“Roots of laurel oak (Quercus laurifolia Michx.), member of the family Fagaceae, were found to be heavily galled by the pecan root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne partityla, in two separate home gardens between 2010 and 2012, in Alachua Co., FL.”
Claim · model-written summary
Round galls occurred on secondary and tertiary roots.
- Taxon
- Laurel OakQuercus imbricariat0
- Organ / stage
- secondary and tertiary rootse0
- Outcome
- Distinct round gallse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Distinct round galls were observed on secondary and tertiary roots”
t0“Laurel Oak”
Claim · model-written summary
Nematode females and egg masses were visible in and on affected roots.
- Taxon
- Laurel OakQuercus imbricariat0
- Organ / stage
- rootse0
- Interactor
- root-knot nematode
_penetrates_a_tomato_root_-_USDA-ARS.jpg?width=60)
Meloidogynee0pathogen - Outcome
- females were clearly visiblee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_penetrates_a_tomato_root_-_USDA-ARS.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“root-knot nematode females were clearly visible when the roots were thinly sliced and egg masses were seen protruding from the root surfaces”
t0“Laurel Oak”
Claim · model-written summary
Nematode morphology matched the original M. partityla description.
- Taxon
- Laurel OakQuercus imbricariat0
- Interactor
- M. partitylaMeloidogyne partitylae0pathogen
- Outcome
- matched those of the original descriptione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Morphology of perineal patterns of females, body, stylet, and tail length of the J2 and males all matched those of the original description of M. partityla”
t0“Laurel Oak”
Claim · model-written summary
The J2 had a swollen, deeply grooved rectum.
- Taxon
- Laurel OakQuercus imbricariat0
- Outcome
- swollen deeply grooved rectume0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A swollen deeply grooved rectum was observed in the J2”
t0“Laurel Oak”
Claim · model-written summary
The male stylet had a blunt tip and prominent junction thickening.
- Taxon
- Laurel OakQuercus imbricariat0
- Outcome
- blunt tip with a prominent thickeninge0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The male stylet had a blunt tip with a prominent thickening at the junction between the cone and shaft”
t0“Laurel Oak”
Claim · model-written summary
Male and female stylet knobs were bipartite with a groove.
- Taxon
- Laurel OakQuercus imbricariat0
- Outcome
- bipartitee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The stylet knobs of males and females were bipartite, each incised by a deep medium longitudinal groove”
t0“Laurel Oak”
Claim · model-written summary
EST and Mdh isozyme phenotypes agreed with prior M. partityla reports.
- Taxon
- Laurel OakQuercus imbricariat0
- Interactor
- M. partitylaMeloidogyne partitylae0pathogen
- Outcome
- isozyme phenotypese0
- Setting
- Floridae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The isozyme phenotypes (EST = Mp3; Mdh = N1a) were consistent with those previously reported for M. partityla from Florida”
t0“Laurel Oak”
Claim · model-written summary
mtDNA and ITS amplicons were approximately 530 and 550 bp and matched previous reports.
- Taxon
- Laurel OakQuercus imbricariat0
- Interactor
- M. partitylaMeloidogyne partitylae0pathogen
- Outcome
- produced fragmentse0
- Value
- approximately 530 bp and 550 bpe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The mtDNA amplification using the C2F3/1108 primer set (3) and the ITS amplification using a recently available M. partityla specific primer set (4) produced fragments of approximately 530 bp and 550 bp, respectively. These were consistent with those already reported for this nematode species.”
t0“Laurel Oak”
Claim · model-written summary
The report establishes laurel oak as a host of the pecan root-knot nematode.
- Taxon
- laurel oakQuercus imbricariae0
- Interactor
- pecan root-knot nematodee0pathogen
- Outcome
- infecting laurel oake0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“this is the first report of the pecan root-knot nematode infecting laurel oak”