Abstract
A field study was conducted to determine the combined effects of row spacing, plant density, and herbicides on weed management and dry bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) yield. In weed-free dry bean, a reduction in row spacing from 69 to 23 cm increased yield by 19% and an increase in density from 20 to 50 plants/m2 increased yield by 17%. In the presence of weeds, narrow rows and high plant densities increased dry bean yield, but without herbicides, yields remained low. However, when combined with herbicides, narrow-row and high-density production practices resulted in better weed control and higher dry bean yield than that attained in a wide-row and low-density production system. Herbicide combinations, often at reduced rates, controlled weeds as well or better than the full rate of any individual herbicide. Ethalfluralin applied preplant incorporated followed by reduced rates of imazethapyr or bentazon postemergence (POST) consistently controlled weeds. Imazamox exhibited the potential to provide a total POST weed control option in dry bean production. Information gained in this study will be used to develop improved weed management programs appropriate for either wide- or narrow-row dry bean production systems.Nomenclature: Bentazon, 3-(1-methylethyl)-(1H)-2,1,3-benzothiadiazin-4(3H)-one 2,2- dioxide; ethalfluralin, N-ethyl-N-(2-methyl-2-propenyl)-2,6-dinitro-4-(trifluoromethyl)benzenamine; imazamox, 2-[4,5-dihydro-4-methyl-4-(1-methylethyl)-5-oxo-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-5-(methoxymethyl)-3-pyridinecarboxylic acid; imazethapyr, 2-[4,5-dihydro-4-methyl-4-(1-methylethyl)-5-oxo-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-5-ethyl-3-pyridinecarboxylic acid; small red dry bean, Phaseolus vulgaris L. ‘Ember.’Additional index words: Integrated weed management, plant density, row spacing, ECHCG, POLCO, POLSC, SETVI, SOLSA.Abbreviations: PAR, photosynthetically active radiation; POST, postemergence; PPI, preplant incorporated.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Reducing weed-free bean row spacing from 69 to 23 cm increased yield by 19%.
Verbatim
e0“In weed-free dry bean, a reduction in row spacing from 69 to 23 cm increased yield by 19%”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing weed-free bean density from 20 to 50 plants/m2 increased yield by 17%.
- Treatment
- increase in density from 20 to 50 plants/m2e0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 17%e0
- Comparator
- 20e0
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“an increase in density from 20 to 50 plants/m2 increased yield by 17%”
Claim · model-written summary
Narrow rows and high plant density increased dry bean yield under weed pressure.
- Taxon
- dry beane0
- Treatment
- narrow rows and high plant densitiese0
- Interactor
- weedse0weed
- Outcome
- dry bean yielde0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“In the presence of weeds, narrow rows and high plant densities increased dry bean yield”
Claim · model-written summary
Without herbicides, yields remained low despite narrow rows and high density.
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“but without herbicides, yields remained low”
Claim · model-written summary
Combining herbicides with narrow rows and high density improved weed control.
Not reportedTaxonComparator
Verbatim
e0“when combined with herbicides, narrow-row and high-density production practices resulted in better weed control”
Claim · model-written summary
Combining herbicides with narrow rows and high density raised dry bean yield relative to wide-row low-density production.
- Taxon
- dry beane0
- Outcome
- dry bean yielde0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- wide-row and low-density production systeme0
Not reportedTreatment
Verbatim
e0“higher dry bean yield than that attained in a wide-row and low-density production system”
Claim · model-written summary
Herbicide combinations at often reduced rates controlled weeds as well as or better than a full rate of one herbicide.
- Treatment
- Herbicide combinationse0
- Interactor
- weedse0weed
- Outcome
- controlled weedse0
- Direction
- as well or bettere0
- Comparator
- full rate of any individual herbicidee0
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“Herbicide combinations, often at reduced rates, controlled weeds as well or better than the full rate of any individual herbicide”
Claim · model-written summary
Ethalfluralin followed by reduced imazethapyr or bentazon consistently controlled weeds.
- Treatment
- Ethalfluralin applied preplant incorporated followed by reduced rates of imazethapyr or bentazon postemergence (POST)e0
- Interactor
- weedse0weed
- Outcome
- controlled weedse0
Not reportedTaxonComparatorDirection
Verbatim
e0“Ethalfluralin applied preplant incorporated followed by reduced rates of imazethapyr or bentazon postemergence (POST) consistently controlled weeds”
Claim · model-written summary
Imazamox showed potential for total postemergence weed control in dry bean.
Verbatim
e0“Imazamox exhibited the potential to provide a total POST weed control option in dry bean production”
The same questions in other papers
density · yield · Phaseolus vulgaris (common bean)Positive and negative results
57 papers in the same direction as this paper · 22 in the opposite direction · 1 reporting no difference from an alternative
- positive
- positive
- positive
77 papers more in this group
See all 81 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.