Paper · 2014 · Universal Journal of Agricultural Research

Effect of Field Plot Design on the Efficacy of Boom Sprayer

Khurram Yousaf; Muhammad Iqbal; Tahir Iqbal; et al.

5
claims
9
verbatim quotes
1
citations
2
research areas
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Open access · cc-by

Abstract

Field performance of the boom sprayer was evaluated at three different plot sizes, three different operating pressures and at three different forward speeds of tractor. Four spraying operations were performed. At the first two sprays only the sucking insects (Jassid, and Whiteflies) were analyzed for mortality as there were no bollworms at that stage. In third and fourth spray bollworms were analyzed for mortality. The experiment was done to find out the effects of pressure and velocity on mortality of white fly, jassid and bollworms and the effect of field size on field efficiency of boom sprayer. The results indicated that increase in velocity decreases the mortality or sucking insects as well as bollworm insects. Best field speed for crop spraying operation was observed to be 4.0 km/h. Working pressure of 400 kPa has a significant effect on insect mortality. For same width of fields, longer the field more the productive time, therefore, more will be the field efficiency of the sprayer. Lower field speed had more sprayer field efficiency than the greater field speed. The reason could be the more time required for turning at field ends to less maneuverability of tractor the operator might had found difficulty in controlling over the tractor holding more wider sprayer mounted behind.

Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record; open copy licensed cc-by. Read at the source ↗

The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.

Claims 5

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultnegativemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Increasing tractor speed decreased sucking insect and bollworm mortality.

Taxon
crope1
Treatment
increase in velocitye0
Outcome
mortality or sucking insects as well as bollworm insectse0
Direction
decreasese0

Not reportedComparator

Verbatim

e0

“increase in velocity decreases the mortality or sucking insects as well as bollworm insects”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 633–724 · show in text ↑
e1

“crop spraying operation”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 747–770 · show in text ↑
Observationobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

The best field speed for crop spraying was 4.0 km/h.

Taxon
crope0
Outcome
Best field speede0
Value
4.0 km/he0

Verbatim

e0

“Best field speed for crop spraying operation was observed to be 4.0 km/h”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 726–798 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultsignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

Working pressure of 400 kPa significantly affected insect mortality.

Taxon
crope1
Treatment
Working pressure of 400 kPae0
Outcome
insect mortalitye0

Not reportedComparatorDirection

Verbatim

e0

“Working pressure of 400 kPa has a significant effect on insect mortality”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 800–872 · show in text ↑
e1

“crop spraying operation”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 747–770 · show in text ↑
Associationobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Longer fields of the same width had greater sprayer field efficiency.

Taxon
crope1
Outcome
field efficiency of the sprayere0
Direction
moree0
Qualifier
same width of fieldse0
Setting
fieldse0

Verbatim

e0

“For same width of fields, longer the field more the productive time, therefore, more will be the field efficiency of the sprayer”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 874–1002 · show in text ↑
e1

“crop spraying operation”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 747–770 · show in text ↑
Associationobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Lower field speed had greater sprayer field efficiency.

Taxon
crope1
Outcome
sprayer field efficiencye0
Direction
moree0
Comparator
greater field speede0

Verbatim

e0

“Lower field speed had more sprayer field efficiency than the greater field speed”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1004–1084 · show in text ↑
e1

“crop spraying operation”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 747–770 · show in text ↑