Abstract
Seasonal variations in ectomycorrhizal symbiosis of Quercus ilex trees were studied, with special emphasis on tree health status, Phytophthora cinnamomi root infections and topography. Five Q. ilex forests in western Spain were selected, and ca. 40 000 root tips from 3 declining and 3 non-declining trees per forest were examined. Ectomycorrhizal fungal abundance and P. cinnamomi root infections were quantified seasonally for 2 years, and an assessment was made of the water soil content and physiological status of trees during summer, the most stressful season. Seasonal changes in ectomycorrhizal fungal abundance were higher for Tomentella spp. than those for Russula spp. and Cenococcum geophilum, but these changes were not influenced by topography, tree decline status and P. cinnamomi root infections. Seasonal variations of non-vital tips were conditioned significantly by the decline status of trees. A higher proportion of non-vital tips and a lower proportion of vital non-mycorrhizal tips were observed in declining than in non-declining trees. Abundance of C. geophilum and Tomentella spp. was not influenced by P. cinnamomi root infections but by topography. Abundance of Russula spp. was not influenced by P. cinnamomi root infections but by the decline status of trees. The relationships found between tree physiology and ectomycorrhizal abundance changed significantly depending on the decline status of trees. For the first time, seasonal variations in ectomycorrhizae in P. cinnamomi-infected Q. ilex forests are reported. The low diversity and abundance of ectomycorrhizal fungi associated with declining trees should be further studied in order to uncover causes or consequences of Q. ilex crown transparency.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
Tomentella showed greater seasonal abundance changes than Russula and Cenococcum.
- Taxon
- Quercus ilex
Quercus ilext0 - Interactor
- Tomentella spp.
Tomentellae0symbiont - Outcome
- Seasonal changes in ectomycorrhizal fungal abundancee0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- Russula spp. and Cenococcum geophilume0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Seasonal changes in ectomycorrhizal fungal abundance were higher for Tomentella spp. than those for Russula spp. and Cenococcum geophilum”
t0“Quercus ilex”
Claim · model-written summary
Topography, decline and Phytophthora infection did not influence seasonal ectomycorrhizal changes.
- Taxon
- Quercus ilexQuercus ilext0
- Interactor
- P. cinnamomi
Phytophthora cinnamomie0pathogen - Outcome
- these changese0
- Setting
- topographye0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“these changes were not influenced by topography, tree decline status and P. cinnamomi root infections”
t0“Quercus ilex”
Claim · model-written summary
Seasonal variation of non-vital tips depended significantly on tree decline.
- Taxon
- Quercus ilexQuercus ilext0
- Outcome
- Seasonal variations of non-vital tipse0
- Comparator
- decline status of treese0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Seasonal variations of non-vital tips were conditioned significantly by the decline status of trees”
t0“Quercus ilex”
Claim · model-written summary
Declining trees had more non-vital tips than non-declining trees.
- Taxon
- Quercus ilexQuercus ilext0
- Outcome
- proportion of non-vital tipse0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- non-declining treese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A higher proportion of non-vital tips and a lower proportion of vital non-mycorrhizal tips were observed in declining than in non-declining trees”
t0“Quercus ilex”
Claim · model-written summary
Declining trees had fewer vital non-mycorrhizal tips than non-declining trees.
- Taxon
- Quercus ilexQuercus ilext0
- Outcome
- proportion of vital non-mycorrhizal tipse0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Comparator
- non-declining treese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“a lower proportion of vital non-mycorrhizal tips were observed in declining than in non-declining trees”
t0“Quercus ilex”
Claim · model-written summary
Cenococcum and Tomentella abundance depended on topography, not Phytophthora infection.
- Taxon
- Quercus ilexQuercus ilext0
- Interactor
- C. geophilum
Cenococcum geophilume0symbiont - Outcome
- Abundance of C. geophilum and Tomentella spp.e0
- Setting
- topographye0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Abundance of C. geophilum and Tomentella spp. was not influenced by P. cinnamomi root infections but by topography”
t0“Quercus ilex”
Claim · model-written summary
Russula abundance depended on tree decline, not Phytophthora infection.
- Taxon
- Quercus ilexQuercus ilext0
- Outcome
- Abundance of Russula spp.e0
- Comparator
- decline status of treese0
RussulaNot reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Abundance of Russula spp. was not influenced by P. cinnamomi root infections but by the decline status of trees”
t0“Quercus ilex”
Claim · model-written summary
Tree physiology–ectomycorrhizal abundance relationships varied significantly with decline status.
- Taxon
- Quercus ilexQuercus ilext0
- Outcome
- relationships found between tree physiology and ectomycorrhizal abundancee0
- Comparator
- decline status of treese0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“relationships found between tree physiology and ectomycorrhizal abundance changed significantly depending on the decline status of trees”
t0“Quercus ilex”