Abstract
Nitrogen (N) is the important crop nutrient for improving crop productivity in wheat-rice cropping system. In order to study the application of different organic N sources (OS) applied alone and in various combinations with urea (U) to rice hybrid (Oryza sativa L., Pukraj), and its residual effects on the yield and yield components of succeeding wheat (Triticum aestivum L., cv. Siren), field experiments were conducted in Malakand (Butkhela) on farmer’s field during 2010-12. Increase in yield and yield components of the succeeding wheat crop as obtained with the greater residual N from sole application of OS or mixed application of OS + U as compared with sole U and control (N not applied) to the previous rice crop. On the basis of grain yield, the 26 treatments were divided into five groups. Group-I included four treatments (T4, T14, T20, and T24) produced the highest grain yield (3751 to 3796 kg ha -1 ) being at par with group-II (T6, T8, T10, T12, T16, T18, T22, and T26) > group-III (3177 to 3375 kg ha -1 ) with seven treatments (T2, T3, T5, T11, T15, T17, and T23) > group-IV (3004 to 3106 kg ha -1 ) including six treatments (T7, T9, T13, T19, T21, and T25) > control (group-V) which stood in the bottom in the ranking (2850 kg ha -1 ). The rest plots produced higher grain yield (3383 kg ha -1 ) than control (2850 kg ha -1 ). Among the U: OS ratios, the highest grain yield was recorded when OS were applied alone without urea (0% U: 100% OS) or with 25% U: 75% OS. Among the animal manures, cattle manure (CM), poultry manure (PM) and sheep manure (SM) produced the highest grain yield when mixed with 75% U: 25% OS. Among the crop residues, application of onion residues (OR) produced the highest grain yield when it was applied alone without urea (0% UN: 100% OR); berseem residues (BR) produced the highest grain yield when it was applied mixed with urea either as 50% U: 50% or 25% U: 75% BR; whereas no differences in grain yield of wheat was observed with application of wheat residues (WR) in different ratios with urea. Grain yield showed positive correlation with increase in plant heights, tillers m
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
Wheat yield and yield components increased after organic nitrogen sources compared with sole urea and control.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivume0 - Treatment
- sole application of OS or mixed application of OS + Ue0
- Outcome
- yield and yield componentse0
- Direction
- Increasee0
- Comparator
- sole U and control (N not applied)e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Increase in yield and yield components of the succeeding wheat crop as obtained with the greater residual N from sole application of OS or mixed application of OS + U as compared with sole U and control (N not applied) to the previous rice crop”
Claim · model-written summary
Group I treatments produced the highest wheat grain yield of 3751 to 3796 kg ha -1.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- T4, T14, T20, and T24e0
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 3751 to 3796 kg ha -1e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Group-I included four treatments (T4, T14, T20, and T24) produced the highest grain yield (3751 to 3796 kg ha -1 )”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Control plots had the lowest grain yield, 2850 kg ha -1.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- bottom in the rankinge0
- Direction
- bottome0
- Value
- 2850 kg ha -1e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“control (group-V) which stood in the bottom in the ranking (2850 kg ha -1 )”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Organic sources alone or with 25% urea gave the highest grain yield.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- OS were applied alone without urea (0% U: 100% OS) or with 25% U: 75% OSe0
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Direction
- higheste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the highest grain yield was recorded when OS were applied alone without urea (0% U: 100% OS) or with 25% U: 75% OS”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Cattle manure mixed with 75% urea produced the highest grain yield among animal manures.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- cattle manure (CM)e0
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Direction
- higheste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“cattle manure (CM), poultry manure (PM) and sheep manure (SM) produced the highest grain yield when mixed with 75% U: 25% OS”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Onion residue alone produced the highest grain yield among crop residues.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- onion residues (OR)e0
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Direction
- higheste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“application of onion residues (OR) produced the highest grain yield when it was applied alone without urea (0% UN: 100% OR)”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Wheat residue ratios with urea showed no grain-yield differences.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- wheat residues (WR) in different ratios with ureae0
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Direction
- no differencese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“no differences in grain yield of wheat was observed with application of wheat residues (WR) in different ratios with urea”
Claim · model-written summary
Grain yield correlated positively with plant height.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Organ / stage
- plant heightse0
- Outcome
- Grain yielde0
- Direction
- positivee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Grain yield showed positive correlation with increase in plant heights”
t0“Wheat”
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