Abstract
Abstract Pollinator foraging patterns and the dynamics of pollen transport influence the quality and diversity of flowering plant mating opportunities. For species pollinated by grooming pollinators, such as bees, the amount of pollen carried between a donor flower and potential recipient flowers depends on how grooming influences pollen transfer. To investigate the relationship between grooming and pollen‐mediated gene dispersal, we studied bumblebee ( Bombus fervidus ) foraging behavior and resulting gene dispersal in linear arrays of Mimulus ringens . Each of the 14 plants in an array had a unique multilocus genotype, facilitating unambiguous assignment of paternity to 1050 progeny. Each plant was trimmed to a single flower so that pollinator movements could be linked directly to resulting gene dispersal patterns. Pollen‐mediated gene dispersal was very limited. More than 95% of the seeds sired by a donor flower were distributed over the first three recipient flowers in the visitation sequence. However, seeds were occasionally sired on flowers visited later in the pollinator's floral visitation sequence. Intensive grooming immediately following pollen removal from a donor flower significantly increased the decay rate of the donor flower's gene dispersal curve. These results suggest that the frequency and relative intensity of grooming can have significant effects on patterns of pollen‐mediated gene dispersal from individual pollen donors.
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Claims 4
Claim · model-written summary
Pollen-mediated gene dispersal was very limited: over 95% of seeds sired by a donor flower fell on its first three recipient flowers.
- Taxon
- Mimulus ringens
Mimulus ringenst0 - Outcome
- distributed over the first three recipient flowerse1
- Value
- More than 95%e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“in Mimulus ringens (Phrymaceae)”
e1“More than 95% of the seeds sired by a donor flower were distributed over the first three recipient flowers in the visitation sequence”
Claim · model-written summary
Seeds were occasionally sired on flowers visited later in the pollinator visitation sequence.
- Taxon
- Mimulus ringensMimulus ringenst0
- Outcome
- seeds were occasionally sired on flowers visited later in the pollinator's floral visitation sequencee1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“in Mimulus ringens (Phrymaceae)”
e1“However, seeds were occasionally sired on flowers visited later in the pollinator's floral visitation sequence”
Claim · model-written summary
Intensive grooming immediately after pollen removal significantly increased the decay rate of the donor flower's gene dispersal curve.
- Taxon
- Mimulus ringensMimulus ringenst0
- Treatment
- Intensive grooming immediately following pollen removal from a donor flowere1
- Interactor
- Bombus fervidus
Bombus ferviduse2pollinator - Outcome
- decay rate of the donor flower's gene dispersal curvee1
- Direction
- increasede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“in Mimulus ringens (Phrymaceae)”
e1“Intensive grooming immediately following pollen removal from a donor flower significantly increased the decay rate of the donor flower's gene dispersal curve”
e2“we studied bumblebee ( Bombus fervidus ) foraging behavior and resulting gene dispersal in linear arrays of Mimulus ringens”
Claim · model-written summary
Grooming frequency and relative intensity have significant effects on patterns of pollen-mediated gene dispersal; the direction is not stated.
- Taxon
- Mimulus ringensMimulus ringenst0
- Treatment
- frequency and relative intensity of groominge1
- Interactor
- Bombus fervidusBombus ferviduse2pollinator
- Outcome
- patternse1
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“in Mimulus ringens (Phrymaceae)”
e1“the frequency and relative intensity of grooming can have significant effects on patterns”
e2“we studied bumblebee ( Bombus fervidus ) foraging behavior and resulting gene dispersal in linear arrays of Mimulus ringens”